Mahapatra Sandeep, Kamath Ramachandra, Shetty Bharatesh K, Binu V S
Indian Institute of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
J Cancer Res Ther. 2015 Jan-Mar;11(1):199-203. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.143332.
Although tobacco deaths rarely make headlines, tobacco kills one person every six seconds. Tobacco kills a third to half of all people who use it, on average 15 years prematurely.
To study the risk of oral cancer associated with gutka consumption and other tobacco products.
(1) To find the association between gutka consumption and oral cancer. (2) To study the association between oral cancer and other tobacco products.
A case-control study of 134 cases and 268 controls, over a period of 5 months, from March 2013 to July 2013, was carried out at the Kasturba medical hospital in Manipal, India. The participants were personally interviewed by the investigator using a structured questionnaire on consumption of tobacco, poly-ingredient dip products, alcohol, dietary practices, oral hygiene practices and demographic status.
Univariate logistic regression followed by multivariate logistic regression was done for identifying the risk factors and adjusted for the confounding variables. Analysis showed that gutka (<0.001, OR = 5.1 95% CI = 2.0-10.3), chewing tobacco (P < 0.001, OR = 6.0 95% CI = 2.3-15.7), supari (P < 0.001, OR = 11.4 95% CI = 3.4,38.2), betel quid (P < 0.001, OR = 6.4 95% CI = 2.6-15.5), bidi (P < 0.05, OR = 2.3 95% CI = 1.1-4.8) and alcohol (P < 0.001, OR = 3.7 95%CI = 1.8-7.5) had strong association with oral cancer upon adjustment.
The study provided strong evidence that gutka, supari, chewing tobacco, betel quid, bidi and alcohol are independent risk factors for oral cancer.
尽管烟草致死事件很少成为头条新闻，但烟草每六秒就会夺走一人的生命。烟草会导致三分之一到一半的使用者死亡，平均提前15年。
研究食用古特卡和其他烟草制品与口腔癌的风险。
（1）找出食用古特卡与口腔癌之间的关联。（2）研究口腔癌与其他烟草制品之间的关联。
2013年3月至2013年7月期间，在印度马尼帕尔的卡斯图尔巴医学院进行了一项病例对照研究，共134例病例和268例对照。研究人员使用一份关于烟草、多成分咀嚼产品、酒精、饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯和人口统计学状况的结构化问卷对参与者进行了个人访谈。
进行单因素逻辑回归，然后进行多因素逻辑回归以识别风险因素，并对混杂变量进行调整。分析表明，在进行调整后，古特卡（<0.001，比值比=5.1，95%置信区间=2.0-10.3）、嚼烟（P<0.001，比值比=6.0，95%置信区间=2.3-15.7）、槟榔（P<0.001，比值比=11.4，95%置信区间=3.4,38.2）、槟榔块（P<0.001，比值比=6.4，95%置信区间=2.6-15.5）、比迪烟（P<0.05，比值比=2.3，95%置信区间=1.1-4.8）和酒精（P<0.001，比值比=3.7，95%置信区间=1.8-7.5）与口腔癌有很强的关联。
该研究提供了强有力的证据，表明古特卡、槟榔、嚼烟、槟榔块、比迪烟和酒精是口腔癌的独立危险因素。
