Bonnet U, Mahler H
Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Castrop-Rauxel.
Kriminalwissenschaftliches und -technisches Institut, Landeskriminalamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2015 Apr;83(4):221-31. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1399307. Epub 2015 Apr 20.
Among the new psychoactive substances (NPS), most frequently synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) have been found in Europe. These are sold as active compounds in e. g. so-called "herbal blends". When inhaled or ingested, besides intoxication symptoms, as they occur with heavy cannabis use (e. g., tachycardia, myocardial infarction, confusion, hallucinations, panic attacks, and paranoia), harmful effects (severe agitation, coma, catatonic stupor, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, dyspnoea, seizures, myoclonus, rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, acute kidney injury, vomiting, headache, and hypokalemia) arise, which are mostly unusual about cannabis use. In addition, the first cases of addiction and death related to SCBs have been reported. Taking into account the newest literature and using an algorithm with two main criteria (addiction potential, toxicity), the authors made a first attempt to rank the personal health hazard of SCBs in comparison to that of other psychoactive drugs. Accordingly, the relative health hazard of SCBs is found to be somewhat higher than that of cannabis and lower than that of synthetic cathinones ("bath salts"). However, the toxicity of SCBs, is significantly greater than the toxicity of cannabis, thus being similar to that of synthetic cathinones and benzodiazepines. The addiction potential appears to be lower than that of synthetic cathinones, benzodiazepines, or cannabis. Due to the fluctuation of substances and the availability in internet resources, legislation is facing a serious "hare-hedgehog" problem to control the manufacture, trade and possession of SCBs.
在新型精神活性物质（NPS）中，欧洲最常发现的是合成大麻素（SCB）。这些物质作为活性成分在例如所谓的“草本混合物”中出售。吸入或摄入后，除了出现与大量使用大麻时相同的中毒症状（如心动过速、心肌梗死、意识模糊、幻觉、惊恐发作和妄想症）外，还会产生有害影响（严重躁动、昏迷、紧张性木僵、高血压、心律失常、呼吸困难、癫痫发作、肌阵挛、横纹肌溶解、高热、多汗、急性肾损伤、呕吐、头痛和低钾血症），而这些大多在使用大麻时并不常见。此外，还报告了首例与SCB相关的成瘾和死亡病例。考虑到最新文献，并使用具有两个主要标准（成瘾潜力、毒性）的算法，作者首次尝试将SCB对个人健康的危害与其他精神活性药物进行排名比较。据此发现，SCB的相对健康危害略高于大麻，低于合成卡西酮（“浴盐”）。然而，SCB的毒性明显大于大麻，因此与合成卡西酮和苯二氮卓类药物相似。其成瘾潜力似乎低于合成卡西酮、苯二氮卓类药物或大麻。由于物质的波动以及互联网资源的可得性，立法在控制SCB的制造、贸易和持有方面面临着严重的“野兔-刺猬”问题。
