Saß Anke-Christine, Grüne B, Brettschneider A-K, Rommel A, Razum O, Ellert U
Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-64, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland,
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2015 Jun;58(6):533-42. doi: 10.1007/s00103-015-2146-1.
People with migration background (PMB) make up a huge section of the population with specific health chances and risks. There are only limited data available on the health situation of PMB, since inclusion of PMB in surveys is hindered, e.g. due to language barriers. The present study has examined to what extent the population-based health surveys of the Robert Koch Institute have managed to include a representative extent of PMB, with the aim of deriving recommendations for analysis options and future recruitment strategies. The 2009 microcensus (MC) of the Federal Statistical Office was used as the basis to check whether the sample of KiGGS Wave 1 (2009-2012) and DEGS 1 (2008-2011) are representative regarding socio-demographic and migrant-specific characteristics. 1107 PMB participated in DEGS 1. In comparison to the MC, particular sub-groups are underrepresented in the sample: people who immigrated themselves (first-generation migrants), people with a low education and Turkish citizens. On the other hand, some age groups are overrepresented. In KiGGS Wave 1, 2021 children and adolescents with a migration background participated. Response was lower if parents had a low education. In total, the participation of children and adolescents with a migration background was lower in comparison to the KiGGS baseline survey. The data on PMB in DEGS 1 and KiGGS Wave 1 are appropriate for health analyses of this population group. However, analyses should be stratified according to characteristics like migrant generation, age or education level, or these characteristics should be adjusted for in statistical models. In order to achieve a representative inclusion of people with a migration background, in future surveys sub-group-specific activities to increase participation of PMB are recommended.
有移民背景的人群（PMB）在具有特定健康机遇和风险的人口中占很大比例。关于PMB健康状况的数据有限，因为将PMB纳入调查存在阻碍，例如语言障碍。本研究调查了罗伯特·科赫研究所基于人群的健康调查在何种程度上成功纳入了具有代表性的PMB样本，目的是为分析选项和未来招募策略得出建议。以联邦统计局2009年的微观人口普查（MC）为基础，检查德国儿童青少年健康监测与促进项目第一波（2009 - 2012年）和德国健康访谈与体检调查（DEGS 1，2008 - 2011年）的样本在社会人口学和移民特定特征方面是否具有代表性。1107名有移民背景的人参与了DEGS 1。与MC相比，样本中特定子群体的代表性不足：自身移民者（第一代移民）、低学历人群和土耳其公民。另一方面，一些年龄组的代表性过高。在德国儿童青少年健康监测与促进项目第一波中，有2021名有移民背景的儿童和青少年参与。如果父母学历低，回应率会更低。总体而言，与德国儿童青少年健康监测与促进项目基线调查相比，有移民背景的儿童和青少年的参与率较低。DEGS 1和德国儿童青少年健康监测与促进项目第一波中关于有移民背景人群的数据适用于对该人群的健康分析。然而，分析应根据移民代、年龄或教育水平等特征进行分层，或者在统计模型中对这些特征进行调整。为了实现对有移民背景人群的代表性纳入，建议在未来调查中开展针对特定子群体的活动，以提高有移民背景人群的参与率。
