Rahim Mohd Aizat Abdul, Rahim Zubaidah Haji Abdul, Ahmad Wan Azman Wan, Hashim Onn Haji
1. Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; 5. Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
1. Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Int J Med Sci. 2015 Apr 3;12(4):329-35. doi: 10.7150/ijms.11280. eCollection 2015.
Human saliva plays a pivotal role in digesting food and maintaining oral hygiene. The presence of electrolytes, mucus, glycoproteins, enzymes, antibacterial compounds, and gingival crevicular fluid in saliva ensures the optimum condition of oral cavity and general health condition. Saliva collection has been proven non-invasive, convenient, and inexpensive compared to conventional venipuncture procedure. These distinctive advantages provide a promising potential of saliva as a diagnostic fluid. Through comprehensive analysis, an array of salivary proteins and peptides may be beneficial as biomarkers in oral and systemic diseases. In this review, we discuss the utility of human salivary proteomes and tabulate the recent salivary biomarkers found in subjects with acute myocardial infarction as well as respective methods employed. In a clinical setting, since acute myocardial infarction contributes to large cases of mortality worldwide, an early intervention using these biomarkers will provide an effective solution to reduce global heart attack incidence particularly among its high-risk group of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. The utility of salivary biomarkers will make the prediction of this cardiac event possible due to its reliability hence improve the quality of life of the patients. Current challenges in saliva collection are also addressed to improve the quality of saliva samples and produce robust biomarkers for future use in clinical applications.
人类唾液在消化食物和维持口腔卫生方面起着关键作用。唾液中存在电解质、黏液、糖蛋白、酶、抗菌化合物和龈沟液，确保了口腔的最佳状态和整体健康状况。与传统的静脉穿刺程序相比，唾液采集已被证明是非侵入性的、方便的且成本低廉的。这些独特的优势为唾液作为一种诊断液体提供了广阔的潜力。通过全面分析，一系列唾液蛋白质和肽可能作为口腔和全身性疾病的生物标志物具有益处。在本综述中，我们讨论了人类唾液蛋白质组的效用，并列出了在急性心肌梗死患者中发现的近期唾液生物标志物以及各自采用的方法。在临床环境中，由于急性心肌梗死在全球范围内导致大量死亡病例，使用这些生物标志物进行早期干预将为降低全球心脏病发作发病率提供有效的解决方案，特别是在其高危的2型糖尿病患者群体中。唾液生物标志物的效用将因其可靠性而使预测这种心脏事件成为可能，从而提高患者的生活质量。本文还讨论了当前唾液采集方面的挑战，以提高唾液样本的质量，并为未来临床应用生成可靠的生物标志物。
