Sikand Geeta, Kris-Etherton Penny, Boulos Nancy Mariam
Department of Medicine/Cardiology Division, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, 101 City Drive South, City Tower, Suite 400, Orange, CA, 92868-4080, USA,
Curr Cardiol Rep. 2015 Jun;17(6):39. doi: 10.1007/s11886-015-0593-9.
A healthy dietary pattern is a cornerstone for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Compelling scientific evidence has shown many health effects of individual foods (including herbs and spices), beverages, and their constituent nutrients and bioactive components on risk of chronic disease and associated risk factors. The focus of functional foods research that is reviewed herein has been on assessing the health effects and underlying mechanisms of action of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, dairy products including fermented products, legumes, nuts, green tea, spices, olive oil, seafood, red wine, herbs, and spices. The unique health benefits of these functional foods have been the basis for recommending their inclusion in a healthy dietary pattern. A better understanding of strategies for optimally including functional foods in a healthy dietary pattern will confer greater benefits on the prevention and treatment of CVD and T2DM.
健康的饮食模式是预防和治疗心血管疾病（CVD）及2型糖尿病（T2DM）的基石。确凿的科学证据表明，各类食物（包括药草和香料）、饮品及其所含营养成分和生物活性成分对慢性病风险及相关风险因素具有诸多健康影响。本文所综述的功能性食品研究重点在于评估水果、蔬菜、全谷物、包括发酵制品在内的乳制品、豆类、坚果、绿茶、香料、橄榄油、海鲜、红酒、药草和香料的健康影响及潜在作用机制。这些功能性食品独特的健康益处是建议将其纳入健康饮食模式的依据。更好地理解将功能性食品最佳纳入健康饮食模式的策略，将为心血管疾病和2型糖尿病的预防和治疗带来更大益处。
