Dellschaft Neele S, Ruth Megan R, Goruk Susan, Lewis Erin D, Richard Caroline, Jacobs René L, Curtis Jonathan M, Field Catherine J
Department of Agricultural,Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-126A Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation,Edmonton,AB,CanadaT6G 2E1.
Br J Nutr. 2015 Jun 14;113(11):1723-31. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515001221. Epub 2015 Apr 23.
Choline demands during lactation are high; however, detailed knowledge is lacking regarding the optimal dietary intake during this critical period. The present study was designed to determine the effects of varying intakes of choline on maternal immune function during lactation. Primiparous Sprague-Dawley rats (n 42) were randomised 24-48 h before birth and fed the following diets for 21 d: choline-devoid (0 g choline/kg diet; D, n 10); 1·0 g choline/kg diet (C1, n 11); 2·5 g choline/kg diet (C2·5, n 10); 6·2 g choline/kg diet (C6, n 11). Splenocytes were isolated and stimulated ex vivo with concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or CD3/CD28. D and C6 dams had lower final body weight, spleen weight and average pup weight than C1 dams (P< 0·05). There was a linear relationship between free choline concentration in pup stomach contents with maternal dietary choline content (P< 0·001, r² 0·415). Compared with C1 and C2·5, D spleens had a lower proportion of mature T cells and activated suppressor cells, and this resulted in reduced cytokine production after stimulation (P< 0·05). Feeding 6·2 g choline/kg diet resulted in a higher cytokine production after stimulation with CD3/CD28 (P< 0·05). Except for a higher IL-6 production after LPS stimulation with cells from the C2·5 dams (P< 0·05), there were no differences between the C1 and C2·5 dams. For the first time, we show that feeding lactating mothers a diet free of choline has substantial effects on their immune function and on offspring growth. Additionally, excess dietary choline had adverse effects on maternal and offspring body weight but only minimal effects on maternal immune function.
哺乳期对胆碱的需求量很高；然而，关于这一关键时期的最佳膳食摄入量，我们仍缺乏详细的了解。本研究旨在确定不同胆碱摄入量对哺乳期母体免疫功能的影响。在分娩前24 - 48小时，将初产的斯普拉格 - 道利大鼠（n = 42）随机分组，并在接下来的21天内喂食以下几种日粮：无胆碱日粮（0克胆碱/千克日粮；D组，n = 10）；1.0克胆碱/千克日粮（C1组，n = 11）；2.5克胆碱/千克日粮（C2.5组，n = 10）；6.2克胆碱/千克日粮（C6组，n = 11）。分离脾细胞，并在体外使用刀豆蛋白A、脂多糖（LPS）或CD3/CD28进行刺激。与C1组母鼠相比，D组和C6组母鼠的最终体重、脾脏重量和平均幼崽体重更低（P < 0.05）。幼崽胃内容物中的游离胆碱浓度与母体日粮胆碱含量之间存在线性关系（P < 0.001，r² = 0.415）。与C1组和C2.5组相比，D组脾脏中成熟T细胞和活化抑制细胞的比例较低，这导致刺激后细胞因子的产生减少（P < 0.05）。喂食6.2克胆碱/千克日粮会使CD3/CD28刺激后细胞因子的产生增加（P < 0.05）。除了C2.5组母鼠的细胞在LPS刺激后IL - 6的产生较高（P < 0.05）外，C1组和C2.5组母鼠之间没有差异。我们首次表明，给哺乳期母亲喂食无胆碱日粮会对她们的免疫功能和后代生长产生重大影响。此外，过量的膳食胆碱对母体和后代体重有不利影响，但对母体免疫功能的影响很小。
