Kavouras Stavros A, Johnson Evan C, Bougatsas Dimitris, Arnaoutis Giannis, Panagiotakos Demosthenes B, Perrier Erica, Klein Alexis
Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Eur J Nutr. 2016 Apr;55(3):907-15. doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-0905-2. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
Urine color (UC) is a practical tool for hydration assessment. The technique has been validated in adults, but has not been tested in children.
The purpose of the study was to test the validity of the urine color scale in young, healthy boys and girls, as a marker of urine concentration, investigate its diagnostic ability of detecting hypohydration and examine the ability of children to self-assess UC.
A total of 210 children participated (age: 8-14 years, body mass: 43.4 ± 12.6 kg, height: 1.49 ± 0.13 m, body fat: 25.2 ± 7.8 %). Data collection included: two single urine samples (first morning and before lunch) and 24-h sampling. Hydration status was assessed via urine osmolality (UOsmo) and UC via the eight-point color scale.
Mean UC was 3 ± 1 and UOsmo 686 ± 223 mmol kg(-1). UC displayed a positive relationship as a predictor of UOsmo (R (2): 0.45, P < 0.001). Based on the receiver operating curve, UC has good overall classification ability for the three samples (area under the curve 85-92 %), with good sensitivity (92-98 %) and specificity (55-68 %) for detecting hypohydration. The overall accuracy of the self-assessment of UC in the morning or the noon samples ranged from 67 to 78 %. Further threshold analysis indicated that the optimal self-assessed UC threshold for hypohydration was ≥4.
The classical eight-point urine color scale is a valid method to assess hydration in children of age 8-14 years, either by researchers or self-assessment.
尿液颜色（UC）是一种评估水合状态的实用工具。该技术已在成人中得到验证，但尚未在儿童中进行测试。
本研究的目的是测试尿液颜色量表在健康的青少年男孩和女孩中作为尿液浓缩标志物的有效性，研究其检测脱水的诊断能力，并检验儿童自我评估尿液颜色的能力。
共有210名儿童参与（年龄：8 - 14岁，体重：43.4 ± 12.6千克，身高：1.49 ± 0.13米，体脂：25.2 ± 7.8%）。数据收集包括：两份单次尿液样本（晨尿和午餐前）以及24小时采样。通过尿渗透压（UOsmo）评估水合状态，通过八点颜色量表评估尿液颜色。
平均尿液颜色为3 ± 1，尿渗透压为686 ± 223毫摩尔/千克（-1）。尿液颜色作为尿渗透压的预测指标呈正相关（R（2）：0.45，P < 0.001）。基于受试者工作特征曲线，尿液颜色对三个样本具有良好的总体分类能力（曲线下面积85 - 92%），检测脱水时具有良好的敏感性（92 - 98%）和特异性（55 - 68%）。晨尿或中午样本中尿液颜色自我评估的总体准确率在67%至78%之间。进一步的阈值分析表明，脱水时自我评估尿液颜色的最佳阈值为≥4。
经典的八点尿液颜色量表是一种评估8 - 14岁儿童水合状态的有效方法，无论是研究人员进行评估还是儿童自我评估。
