College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Eur J Nutr. 2021 Aug;60(5):2795-2805. doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02460-5. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
To provide a new and efficient at-the-toilet-bowl method of self-assessing urine concentration via urine color (Uc) to identify hypohydration.
A large athletic population (n = 189) delivered a urine sample, then chose a color panel that was displayed on the back wall of the lavatory stall. Selection was based on duration of urine voiding time, so that for a short-duration, the lighter panel was selected; for a mid-duration, the mid color panel; and for a longer-void-duration, the darker panel was selected. Then, subjects noted if their urine was lighter than, similar to, or darker than the selected color panel. Trained investigators also rated subjects' urine samples. To assess validity of Uc classification, the outcome was compared with a urine concentration (urine specific gravity, USG, and urine osmolality) threshold indicating hypohydration.
Urine color was scored similarly by subjects and investigators (P = 0.99). Based on receiver operating curves (ROC), the method scored fair, i.e., the area under the curve ranging 0.73-0.82, with an accuracy of participants and investigators correctly classifying 72% and 75% urine samples compared to a USG threshold of 1.020, respectively, and 62% and 70% compared to a urine osmolality threshold of 836 mmol·kg, respectively.
This new lavatory urine color (LUC) method of scoring Uc levels to assess potential hypohydration gives results similar to those of traditional urine color charts, but it has the advantage of an immediate assessment of hydration status based on scoring urine color directly from the toilet bowl.
提供一种新的、高效的在马桶上通过尿液颜色（Uc）自我评估尿液浓缩情况的方法，以识别脱水。
大量运动员（n=189）提供尿液样本，然后从厕所隔间后墙上显示的颜色面板中选择一个。选择基于尿液排空时间的长短，因此短时间排空时选择浅色面板；中等时间排空时选择中间色面板；长时间排空时选择深色面板。然后，受试者记录他们的尿液比所选颜色面板更浅、相似还是更深。经过培训的研究人员也对受试者的尿液样本进行了评估。为了评估 Uc 分类的有效性，将结果与尿液浓度（尿比重、尿渗透压）阈值进行比较，以指示脱水。
受试者和研究人员对尿液颜色的评分相似（P=0.99）。根据受试者工作特征曲线（ROC），该方法的评分中等，即曲线下面积在 0.73-0.82 之间，参与者和研究人员的准确率分别为 72%和 75%，正确分类的尿液样本比例分别为 72%和 75%，而 USG 阈值为 1.020，尿渗透压阈值为 836mmol·kg 时，准确率分别为 62%和 70%。
这种新的马桶尿液颜色（LUC）评分方法评估潜在脱水时，Uc 水平的结果与传统尿液颜色图表相似，但它具有基于从马桶直接评分尿液颜色即时评估水合状态的优势。
