Kühn Simone, Witt Charlotte, Banaschewski Tobias, Barbot Alexis, Barker Gareth J, Büchel Christian, Conrod Patricia J, Flor Herta, Garavan Hugh, Ittermann Bernd, Mann Karl, Martinot Jean-Luc, Paus Tomas, Rietschel Marcella, Smolka Michael N, Ströhle Andreas, Brühl Rüdiger, Schumann Gunter, Heinz Andreas, Gallinat Jürgen
Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany.
University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany.
Addict Biol. 2016 May;21(3):700-8. doi: 10.1111/adb.12240. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
Adolescence is a common time for initiation of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders. Importantly, the neuro-anatomical foundation for later alcohol-related problems may already manifest pre-natally, particularly due to smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. In this context, cortical gyrification is an interesting marker of neuronal development but has not been investigated as a risk factor for adolescent alcohol use. On magnetic resonance imaging scans of 595 14-year-old adolescents from the IMAGEN sample, we computed whole-brain mean curvature indices to predict change in alcohol-related problems over the following 2 years. Change of alcohol use-related problems was significantly predicted from mean curvature in left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Less gyrification of OFC was associated with an increase in alcohol use-related problems over the next 2 years. Moreover, lower gyrification in left OFC was related to pre-natal alcohol exposure, whereas maternal smoking during pregnancy had no effect. Current alcohol use-related problems of the biological mother had no effect on offsprings' OFC gyrification or drinking behaviour. The data support the idea that alcohol consumption during pregnancy mediates the development of neuro-anatomical phenotypes, which in turn constitute a risk factor for increasing problems due to alcohol consumption in a vulnerable stage of life. Maternal smoking during pregnancy or current maternal alcohol/nicotine consumption had no significant effect. The OFC mediates behaviours known to be disturbed in addiction, namely impulse control and reward processing. The results stress the importance of pre-natal alcohol exposure for later increases in alcohol use-related problems, mediated by structural brain characteristics.
青春期是开始饮酒及出现酒精使用障碍的常见时期。重要的是，日后与酒精相关问题的神经解剖学基础可能在出生前就已显现，尤其是由于孕期吸烟和饮酒。在此背景下，大脑皮质回旋是神经元发育的一个有趣标志，但尚未作为青少年饮酒的一个风险因素进行研究。在对IMAGEN样本中595名14岁青少年的磁共振成像扫描中，我们计算了全脑平均曲率指数，以预测接下来两年中与酒精相关问题的变化。左眶额皮质（OFC）的平均曲率能显著预测酒精使用相关问题的变化。OFC回旋较少与接下来两年中酒精使用相关问题的增加有关。此外，左OFC回旋较少与产前酒精暴露有关，而孕期母亲吸烟则无影响。生母当前与酒精使用相关的问题对后代的OFC回旋或饮酒行为没有影响。数据支持这样一种观点，即孕期饮酒介导了神经解剖学表型的发展，而这反过来又构成了在生命脆弱阶段因饮酒导致问题增加的一个风险因素。孕期母亲吸烟或生母当前的酒精/尼古丁消费没有显著影响。OFC介导了已知在成瘾中会受到干扰的行为，即冲动控制和奖赏处理。结果强调了产前酒精暴露对于日后因大脑结构特征介导的酒精使用相关问题增加的重要性。
