Xiong Weili, Abraham Paul E, Li Zhou, Pan Chongle, Hettich Robert L
Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Proteomics. 2015 Oct;15(20):3424-38. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201400571. Epub 2015 May 28.
The human gastrointestinal tract is a complex, dynamic ecosystem that consists of a carefully tuned balance of human host and microbiota membership. The microbiome is not merely a collection of opportunistic parasites, but rather provides important functions to the host that are absolutely critical to many aspects of health, including nutrient transformation and absorption, drug metabolism, pathogen defense, and immune system development. Microbial metaproteomics provides the ability to characterize the human gut microbiota functions and metabolic activities at a remarkably deep level, revealing information about microbiome development and stability as well as their interactions with their human host. Generally, microbial and human proteins can be extracted and then measured by high performance MS-based proteomics technology. Here, we review the field of human gut microbiome metaproteomics, with a focus on the experimental and informatics considerations involved in characterizing systems ranging from low-complexity model gut microbiota in gnotobiotic mice, to the emerging gut microbiome in the GI tract of newborn human infants, and finally to an established gut microbiota in human adults.
人类胃肠道是一个复杂的动态生态系统，由人类宿主和微生物群成员之间精心调节的平衡组成。微生物群不仅仅是机会性寄生虫的集合，而是为宿主提供重要功能，这些功能对健康的许多方面绝对至关重要，包括营养物质的转化和吸收、药物代谢、病原体防御和免疫系统发育。微生物元蛋白质组学能够在非常深入的层面上表征人类肠道微生物群的功能和代谢活动，揭示有关微生物群发育和稳定性以及它们与人类宿主相互作用的信息。一般来说，微生物和人类蛋白质可以被提取出来，然后通过基于质谱的高性能蛋白质组学技术进行测量。在这里，我们回顾了人类肠道微生物群元蛋白质组学领域，重点关注从悉生小鼠中低复杂性模型肠道微生物群到新生人类婴儿胃肠道中新兴的肠道微生物群，最后到成年人类中已建立的肠道微生物群等系统表征所涉及的实验和信息学方面的考虑。
