College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
College of Resources Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2015 Oct 15;296:201-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.060. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
Traditional sampling for heavy metal monitoring is a time-consuming and inconvenient method, which also does not indicate contaminants non-invasively and instantaneously. Moss is sensitive to heavy metals and is therefore considered a pollution indicator. However, it is unknown what kind physiological parameters can indicate metal contaminations quickly and non-invasively. Here, we systematically examined the effects of six heavy metals on physiological parameters and photosynthetic activities of two moss species grown in aquatic media or moist soil surface. We suggest that a phenotype with anthocyanin accumulation pattern and chlorosis pattern and two chlorophyll fluorescence parameters with their images can roughly reflect metal species groups, concentrations and differences between the two moss species. In other words, metal contaminations could be roughly estimated visually using the naked eye. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidative abilities and photosynthetic protein contents of Eurhynchium eustegium were higher than those of Taxiphyllum taxirameum, indicating their differential metal tolerance. Neither anti-oxidative abilities nor photosynthetic proteins were found to be ideal indicators. This study provides new ideas to monitor heavy metals rapidly and non-invasively in water or on wetland and moist soil surface.
传统的重金属监测采样方法既费时又不方便，也不能非侵入性和即时地指示污染物。苔藓对重金属敏感，因此被认为是污染的指标。然而，目前还不清楚哪种生理参数可以快速、非侵入性地指示金属污染。在这里，我们系统地研究了六种重金属对水生介质或湿润土壤表面生长的两种苔藓物种的生理参数和光合作用活性的影响。我们提出，具有花青素积累模式和黄化模式的表型以及两个叶绿素荧光参数及其图像可以大致反映金属种类、浓度和两种苔藓之间的差异。换句话说，金属污染可以用肉眼粗略估计。藓属的抗氧化酶和非酶抗氧化能力以及光合蛋白含量高于紫萼藓属，表明它们对金属的耐受性不同。抗氧化能力和光合蛋白都不是理想的指标。本研究为快速、非侵入性地监测水、湿地和湿润土壤表面的重金属提供了新的思路。
