Périamé M, Philippe N, Condell O, Fanning S, Pagès J-M, Davin-Regli A
UMR-MD1, Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, Transporteurs Membranaires, Chimiorésistance et Drug Design, Marseille, France.
Laboratoire Information Génomique et Structurale (IGS), UMR 7256 (IMM FR 3479) CNRS Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
Lett Appl Microbiol. 2015 Aug;61(2):121-9. doi: 10.1111/lam.12435. Epub 2015 May 29.
Enterobacter gergoviae is a recurrent contaminant of cosmetic and hygiene products. To understand how this bacterium adapts to biocides, we studied Ent. gergoviae CIP 76.01 and its triclosan and Methylisothiazolinone-chloromethylisothiazolinone (MIT-CMIT) tolerant isogenic mutants. They were compared with others also isolated from contaminated cosmetics. Phenotypic differences were noted and these included changes in the bacterial envelope and flagella along with differences in motility, and biofilm growth rates. Triclosan and MIT-CMIT derivatives expressed flagella and other MIT-CMIT derivatives exhibited some external appendages. Those bacteria expressing a high-level minimal inhibitory concentration to MIT-CMIT, expressed a strong biofilm formation. No differential phenotypes were noted for carbon source utilisation. Enterobacter gergoviae demonstrated a diverse response to both of these preservatives contained in cosmetic preparations, depending on their concentrations. Interestingly, this adaptive response is associated with modifications of filament structure-related proteins contributing to increase the organism motility and the production of biofilm.
Recurrent contaminations of cosmetics products by Ent. gergoviae, needed a better understanding concerning the bacterial adaptation to preservative agents, with particular concern to triclosan and MIT-CMIT. We demonstrated that bacteria response is associated to various mechanisms represented by expression of external appendages (pili or fimbriae) that control cell motility and biofilm formation and evolving as the concentration of biocides adaptation increased. Such mechanisms which are not chemical specific can also promote a cross-resistance to other biocidal agents. The characterization of Ent. gergoviae adaptability to biocides allows industry to adjust the ranges of concentrations and composition of preservatives in formula.
格氏肠杆菌是化妆品和卫生用品中反复出现的污染物。为了解这种细菌如何适应杀菌剂，我们研究了格氏肠杆菌CIP 76.01及其对三氯生和甲基异噻唑啉酮 - 氯甲基异噻唑啉酮（MIT - CMIT）耐受的同基因突变体。将它们与其他同样从受污染化妆品中分离出的菌株进行比较。注意到了表型差异，这些差异包括细菌包膜和鞭毛的变化，以及运动性和生物膜生长速率的差异。三氯生和MIT - CMIT衍生物表达鞭毛，其他MIT - CMIT衍生物表现出一些外部附属物。那些对MIT - CMIT表现出高水平最小抑菌浓度的细菌，表现出强烈的生物膜形成能力。在碳源利用方面未观察到差异表型。格氏肠杆菌对化妆品制剂中所含的这两种防腐剂表现出不同的反应，这取决于它们的浓度。有趣的是，这种适应性反应与丝状结构相关蛋白的修饰有关，这些修饰有助于提高生物体的运动性和生物膜的产生。
格氏肠杆菌对化妆品的反复污染，需要更好地了解细菌对防腐剂的适应性，特别是对三氯生和MIT - CMIT的适应性。我们证明细菌的反应与各种机制有关，这些机制表现为控制细胞运动性和生物膜形成的外部附属物（菌毛或纤毛）的表达，并且随着杀菌剂适应性浓度的增加而演变。这种非化学特异性的机制也可以促进对其他杀生物剂的交叉抗性。格氏肠杆菌对杀菌剂适应性的表征使行业能够调整配方中防腐剂的浓度范围和组成。
