van Olden Casper, Groen Albert K, Nieuwdorp Max
Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, UMCG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Clin Ther. 2015 Jun 1;37(6):1172-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.03.008. Epub 2015 Apr 25.
The contribution of intestinal bacterial strains (gut microbiota) in human metabolism and obesity is being increasingly recognized. The goal of this article was to provide a commentary on the clinical usefulness of these data.
We performed a review of the currently available articles on PubMed.
Because most of the data are based on germ-free animal research, translation to human disease may be difficult. However, changes in the intestinal bacterial composition and subsequent altered diversity have been associated with the presence of chronic low-grade inflammation, a known feature of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
It is still not proven whether intestinal bacteria play a causal role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Intervention studies including fecal transplantation and supplementation of single bacterial strains in humans might provide more insight. Moreover, prospective cohorts of healthy subjects using fecal samples collected at baseline can help to identify causally involved specific intestinal bacterial strains that drive aberrant human metabolism. Ultimately, it would be a great asset if potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets could be derived from this novel player in human cardiometabolism.
肠道细菌菌株（肠道微生物群）在人类新陈代谢和肥胖中的作用正日益受到认可。本文的目的是对这些数据的临床实用性进行评论。
我们对PubMed上目前可用的文章进行了综述。
由于大多数数据基于无菌动物研究，因此将其转化为人类疾病可能存在困难。然而，肠道细菌组成的变化以及随后多样性的改变与慢性低度炎症的存在有关，慢性低度炎症是胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的一个已知特征。
肠道细菌是否在葡萄糖和脂质代谢中起因果作用仍未得到证实。包括粪便移植和在人类中补充单一细菌菌株的干预研究可能会提供更多见解。此外，使用基线时收集的粪便样本对健康受试者进行前瞻性队列研究，有助于识别导致异常人类新陈代谢的特定肠道细菌菌株。最终，如果能够从这个人类心脏代谢的新参与者中得出潜在的诊断和治疗靶点，那将是一项巨大的资产。
