Han Juan, Chen Xinguang
Department of Child and Adolescent and Maternal Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430032, China.
Pediatric Prevention Research Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Apr 27;12(5):4617-30. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120504617.
Systematic data regarding adolescent smoking are needed at the national level to support evidence-based tobacco control in China. The goal of this study was to estimate smoking prevalence among Chinese adolescents using published data.
Published studies were located electronically from the commonly used databases in Chinese and English, complemented by manual searching. Forty-five studies were selected of the 9771 retrieved from the databases. These studies targeted adolescents aged 12-17 or middle/high school students, were conducted during the 1981-2010, and had adequate data for meta-analysis. The 45 selected studies covered 52 sites in different parts of China. Smoking rates were estimated using the sample-weighted and random effect method.
The estimated prevalence rate of lifetime smoking (ever smoked) varied within a narrow range (39.04%-46.03%) for males and progressively increased from 2.47% in 1981-1985 to 19.72% in 2001-2005 for females. The prevalence rate of current (30-day) smoking for males declined from 26.62% in 1981-1985 to 10.86% in 1996-2000 before increasing again. The prevalence of current smoking for females increased from 0.29% in 1981-1985 to 3.26% in 2006-2010.
The high levels of male smoking and the rapid increase in female smoking indicate growing burdens from tobacco-related diseases, underscoring the urgent need to strengthen adolescent tobacco control in China.
中国需要全国层面关于青少年吸烟的系统数据，以支持循证烟草控制工作。本研究旨在利用已发表的数据估算中国青少年的吸烟率。
通过常用的中英文数据库进行电子检索，并辅以手工检索。从数据库检索出的9771项研究中，选取了45项。这些研究的对象为12至17岁的青少年或初高中学生，研究时间为1981年至2010年，且有足够的数据用于荟萃分析。所选的45项研究覆盖了中国不同地区的52个地点。采用样本加权和随机效应方法估算吸烟率。
男性终生吸烟（曾经吸烟）的估计患病率在狭窄范围内波动（39.04%-46.03%），而女性的终生吸烟患病率则从1981-1985年的2.47%逐步上升至2001-2005年的19.72%。男性当前（30天内）吸烟患病率从1981-1985年的26.62%下降至1996-2000年的10.86%，随后又再次上升。女性当前吸烟患病率从1981-1985年的0.29%上升至2006-2010年的3.26%。
男性吸烟率高以及女性吸烟率的快速上升表明烟草相关疾病的负担日益加重，凸显了中国加强青少年烟草控制的迫切需求。
