Borena Bizunesh M, Martens Ann, Broeckx Sarah Y, Meyer Evelyne, Chiers Koen, Duchateau Luc, Spaas Jan H
Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015;36(1):1-23. doi: 10.1159/000374049. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
Mammal skin has a crucial function in several life-preserving processes such as hydration, protection against chemicals and pathogens, initialization of vitamin D synthesis, excretion and heat regulation. Severe damage of the skin may therefore be life-threatening. Skin wound repair is a multiphased, yet well-orchestrated process including the interaction of various cell types, growth factors and cytokines aiming at closure of the skin and preferably resulting in tissue repair. Regardless various therapeutic modalities targeting at enhancing wound healing, the development of novel approaches for this pathology remains a clinical challenge. The time-consuming conservative wound management is mainly restricted to wound repair rather than restitution of the tissue integrity (the so-called "restitutio ad integrum"). Therefore, there is a continued search towards more efficacious wound therapies to reduce health care burden, provide patients with long-term relief and ultimately scarless wound healing. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies on the use of skin wound regenerative therapies provide encouraging results, but more protracted studies will have to determine whether the effect of observed effects are clinically significant and whether regeneration rather than repair can be achieved. For all the aforementioned reasons, this article reviews the emerging field of regenerative skin wound healing in mammals with particular emphasis on growth factor- and stem cell-based therapies.
哺乳动物的皮肤在多种维持生命的过程中具有关键作用，如保持水分、抵御化学物质和病原体、启动维生素D合成、排泄以及调节体温。因此，皮肤的严重损伤可能会危及生命。皮肤伤口修复是一个多阶段但精心编排的过程，包括各种细胞类型、生长因子和细胞因子之间的相互作用，旨在闭合伤口并最好实现组织修复。尽管有各种旨在促进伤口愈合的治疗方式，但针对这种病理状况开发新方法仍然是一项临床挑战。耗时的保守伤口处理主要局限于伤口修复，而非恢复组织完整性（即所谓的“完全恢复”）。因此，人们一直在寻求更有效的伤口治疗方法，以减轻医疗负担，为患者提供长期缓解，并最终实现无瘢痕伤口愈合。最近关于皮肤伤口再生疗法应用的体内和体外研究提供了令人鼓舞的结果，但需要更长期的研究来确定观察到的效果在临床上是否显著，以及是否能够实现再生而非修复。基于上述所有原因，本文综述了哺乳动物再生性皮肤伤口愈合这一新兴领域，特别强调基于生长因子和干细胞的疗法。
