Chow Louise T
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35294-0005, USA,
Virol Sin. 2015 Apr;30(2):92-100. doi: 10.1007/s12250-015-3600-9. Epub 2015 Apr 23.
The prevalent human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect either cutaneous or mucosal epithelium. Active Infections lead to epithelial hyperprolifeation and are usually cleared in healthy individuals within a year. Persistent infections in the anogenital tracts by certain high-risk genotypes such as HPV-16, HPV-18 and closely related types, can progress to high grade dysplasias and carcinomas in women and men, including cervical, vulva, penile and anal cancers. A significant fraction of the head and neck cancers are also caused by HPV-16. The viral oncogenes responsible for neoplastic conversion are E6 and E7 that disrupt the pathways controlled by the two major tumor suppressor genes, p53 and members of pRB family. Because HPV cannot be propagated in conventional submerged monolayer cell cultures, organotypic epithelial raft cultures that generate a stratified and differentiated epithelium have been used to study the viral life cycle. This article describes several systems to examine aspects of the viral productive phase, along with the advantages and limitations. Animal model systems of HPV carcinogenesis are also briefly described.
流行的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染皮肤或黏膜上皮。活跃感染会导致上皮细胞过度增殖，在健康个体中通常会在一年内清除。某些高危基因型，如HPV-16、HPV-18及密切相关类型，在肛门生殖道的持续感染可进展为女性和男性的高级别发育异常和癌症，包括宫颈癌、外阴癌、阴茎癌和肛门癌。相当一部分头颈癌也由HPV-16引起。导致肿瘤转化的病毒癌基因是E6和E7，它们会破坏由两个主要肿瘤抑制基因p53和视网膜母细胞瘤蛋白（pRB）家族成员所控制的通路。由于HPV无法在传统的贴壁单层细胞培养中增殖，因此已使用能产生分层和分化上皮的器官型上皮筏培养来研究病毒生命周期。本文介绍了几种用于研究病毒增殖阶段各方面的系统，以及其优缺点。还简要描述了HPV致癌作用的动物模型系统。
