Gulliver Amelia, Farrer Louise, Chan Jade K Y, Tait Robert J, Bennett Kylie, Calear Alison L, Griffiths Kathleen M
National Institute for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2015 Feb 24;10(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s13722-015-0027-4.
University students have high levels of tobacco and other drug use, yet they are unlikely to seek traditional care. Technology-based interventions are highly relevant to this population. This paper comprises a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized trials of technology-based interventions evaluated in a tertiary (university/college) setting for tobacco and other drug use (excluding alcohol). It extends previous reviews by using a broad definition of technology.
PubMed, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane databases were searched using keywords, phrases, and MeSH terms. Retrieved abstracts (n = 627) were double screened and coded. Included studies met the following criteria: (1) the study was a randomized trial or a randomized controlled trial (RCT); (2) the sample was composed of students attending a tertiary (e.g., university, college) institution; (3) the intervention was either delivered by or accessed using a technological device or process (e.g., computer/internet, telephone, mobile short message services [SMS]); (4) the age range or mean of the sample was between 18 and 25 years; and (5) the intervention was designed to alter a drug use outcome relating to tobacco or other drugs (excluding alcohol).
A total of 12 papers met inclusion criteria for the current review. The majority of included papers examined tobacco use (n = 9; 75%), two studies targeted marijuana use (17%); and one targeted stress, marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco use. A quantitative meta-analysis was conducted on the tobacco use studies using an abstinence outcome measure (n = 6), demonstrating that the interventions increased the rate of abstinence by 1.5 times that of controls (Risk Ratio [RR] = 1.54; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.20-1.98). Across all 12 studies, a total of 20 technology-based interventions were reviewed. A range of technology was employed in the interventions, including stand-alone computer programs (n = 10), internet (n = 5), telephone (n = 3), and mobile SMS (n = 2).
Although technological interventions have the potential to reduce drug use in tertiary students, very few trials have been conducted, particularly for substances other than tobacco. However, the improvement shown in abstinence from tobacco use has the potential to impact substantially on morbidity and mortality.
大学生的烟草及其他毒品使用率较高，但他们不太可能寻求传统治疗。基于技术的干预措施与这一人群高度相关。本文包括对已发表的在高等教育机构（大学/学院）环境中评估的基于技术的烟草及其他毒品使用（不包括酒精）干预措施的随机试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。它通过使用广泛的技术定义扩展了先前的综述。
使用关键词、短语和医学主题词在PubMed、PsycInfo和Cochrane数据库中进行检索。对检索到的摘要（n = 627）进行了双重筛选和编码。纳入的研究符合以下标准：（1）该研究为随机试验或随机对照试验（RCT）；（2）样本由高等教育机构（如大学、学院）的学生组成；（3）干预措施通过技术设备或流程（如计算机/互联网、电话、移动短信服务 [SMS]）提供或获取；（4）样本的年龄范围或平均年龄在18至25岁之间；（5）干预措施旨在改变与烟草或其他毒品（不包括酒精）相关的药物使用结果。
共有12篇论文符合本次综述的纳入标准。大多数纳入的论文研究了烟草使用（n = 9；75%），两项研究针对大麻使用（17%）；一项针对压力、大麻、酒精和烟草使用。对使用戒烟结果测量的烟草使用研究进行了定量荟萃分析（n = 6），表明干预措施使戒烟率提高到对照组的1.5倍（风险比 [RR] = 1.54；95%置信区间 [CI] = 1.20 - 1.98）。在所有12项研究中，共审查了20种基于技术的干预措施。干预措施中使用了一系列技术，包括独立的计算机程序（n = 10）、互联网（n = 5）、电话（n = 3）和移动短信（n = 2）。
虽然技术干预措施有可能减少大学生的药物使用，但进行的试验很少，特别是针对烟草以外的物质。然而，在戒烟方面显示出的改善有可能对发病率和死亡率产生重大影响。
