Barja Yáñez Salesa, Arnaiz Gómez Pilar, Villarroel Del Pino Luis, Domínguez de Landa Angélica, Castillo Valenzuela Oscar, Farías Jofré Marcelo, Mardones Santander Francisco
Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, División de Pediatría..
Departamentos de: Salud Pública,.
Nutr Hosp. 2015 May 1;31(5):2079-87. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.5.8672.
Dyslipidemias are a key cardiovascular risk factor, and are increased since early childhood. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence, characteristics of dyslipidemias and associated factors in a population of Chilean children.
Cross-sectional study done in school-age children from Santiago, Chile (2009-2011). Parents answered questions about family medical history and children answered questions about physical activity. Anthropometry was performed and in a blood sample (12 hours fast) lipid profile, glycemia and insulinemia were measured.
We recruited 2900 euglycemic children, 11.4 ± 0.97 years old, 52% girls. According to BMI, 22.5% were overweight and 15,3% had obesity. Considering recommended cut-off points for lipids, 69.3% were in acceptable range, 19.2% at risk and 11.5% at high cardiovascular risk. In total, 32% of the population had any clinical form of dyslipidemia: Isolated hypertriglyceridemia (9.4%), low HDL-C (7.6%), isolated hypercholesterolemia (4.9%), atherogenic dyslipidemia (6.24%) and mixed dyslipidemia (3.9%). Except for isolated hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemias were more frequent in girls (globally 36.2% vs. 27.4%, p<0.0001). Low HDL-C was associated with sedentary lifestyle. In multiple logistic regression analysis, nutritional status was the most important associated factor, with less influence of age, sex, central obesity, insulin resistance and history of parental cardiovascular risk factors.
In this population of Chilean school-age children, we found a high prevalence of dyslipidemia, and the principal determinant was weight excess.
血脂异常是心血管疾病的关键危险因素，且自儿童早期起患病率便不断上升。本研究旨在描述智利儿童群体中血脂异常的患病率、特征及相关因素。
对来自智利圣地亚哥的学龄儿童进行横断面研究（2009 - 2011年）。家长回答有关家族病史的问题，儿童回答有关体育活动的问题。进行人体测量，并采集空腹12小时的血样，检测血脂谱、血糖和胰岛素水平。
我们招募了2900名血糖正常的儿童，年龄为11.4 ± 0.97岁，其中52%为女孩。根据体重指数（BMI），22.5%超重，15.3%肥胖。按照血脂推荐切点，69.3%处于可接受范围，19.2%有风险，11.5%处于高心血管疾病风险。总体而言，32%的人群有任何临床形式的血脂异常：单纯高甘油三酯血症（9.4%）、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）（7.6%）、单纯高胆固醇血症（4.9%）、致动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常（6.24%）和混合性血脂异常（3.9%）。除单纯高胆固醇血症外，血脂异常在女孩中更常见（总体36.2%对27.4%，p<0.0001）。低HDL-C与久坐不动的生活方式有关。在多因素逻辑回归分析中，营养状况是最重要的相关因素，年龄、性别、中心性肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和父母心血管疾病危险因素史的影响较小。
在这个智利学龄儿童群体中，我们发现血脂异常患病率很高，主要决定因素是体重超标。
