Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Patologia Clínica, Campinas, SP - Brazil.
Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC - Campinas), Campinas, SP - Brazil.
Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020 Jan;114(1):47-56. doi: 10.5935/abc.20190209.
Among dyslipidemias, hypercholesterolemia is considered the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in adults. In childhood and adolescence, elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are positively associated with atherosclerosis markers, however, systematic screening for dyslipidemias in these groups is a controversial topic.
To characterize the frequencies, types and severity of dyslipidemias in children and adolescents attended at the Basic Health Units managed by SUS in Campinas/SP.
After an agreement with the Municipal Health Department of Campinas, consecutive results of serum lipid profiles (n = 312,650) of individuals of both sexes (n = 62,530) aged between 1 day old and 19 years were obtained, from 2008 to 2015. Age groups and dyslipidemias were classified according to recommendations in the literature. The statistical significance level adopted was the probability value (p) of 0.05 or less.
The observed frequencies of increased TC, triglycerides (TG), LDL-C and non-HDL-C (NHDL-C) were 33%, 40%, 29% and 13% respectively, and of reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) the frequency was 39%. The frequencies, in general, were greater in females and in the southwest and south regions of the city, whose populations are more vulnerable from the socioeconomic point of view; on the other hand, in children and adolescents, the frequencies of TG and HDL-C prevailed, respectively.
The high frequency and regionalization of dyslipidemias in children and adolescents indicate the need for specific actions in the handling and treatment of such diseases by the public health system of Campinas.
在血脂异常中，高胆固醇血症被认为是成年人心血管疾病的主要危险因素。在儿童和青少年中，总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）升高与动脉粥样硬化标志物呈正相关，但在这些人群中系统筛查血脂异常是一个有争议的话题。
描述在圣保罗州坎皮纳斯市由 SUS 管理的基层卫生单位就诊的儿童和青少年血脂异常的频率、类型和严重程度。
在与坎皮纳斯市卫生局达成协议后，获得了 2008 年至 2015 年间 312650 名（男女性别各 62530 人）1 天至 19 岁个体的血清脂质谱连续结果。根据文献中的建议对年龄组和血脂异常进行分类。采用概率值（p）小于或等于 0.05 作为统计学显著性水平。
观察到 TC、甘油三酯（TG）、LDL-C 和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（NHDL-C）升高的频率分别为 33%、40%、29%和 13%，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）降低的频率为 39%。一般来说，女性和城市西南部和南部地区的频率更高，这些地区的人口从社会经济角度来看更为脆弱；另一方面，在儿童和青少年中，TG 和 HDL-C 的频率更为常见。
儿童和青少年血脂异常的高频率和区域化表明坎皮纳斯市公共卫生系统需要采取具体行动来处理和治疗此类疾病。
