Alegre Estibaliz, Sammamed Miguel, Fernández-Landázuri Sara, Zubiri Leyre, González Álvaro
Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Adv Clin Chem. 2015;69:47-89. doi: 10.1016/bs.acc.2014.12.002. Epub 2015 Feb 7.
Melanoma is an aggressive tumor with increasing incidence worldwide. Biomarkers are valuable tools to minimize the cost and improve efficacy of treatment of this deadly disease. Serological markers have not widely been introduced in routine clinical practice due to their insufficient diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. It is likely that the lack of objective responses with traditional treatment hinder biomarker research and development in melanoma. Recently, new drugs and therapies have, however, emerged in advanced melanoma with noticeable objective response ratio and survival. In this new scenario, serological tumor markers should be revisited. In addition, other potential circulating biomarkers such as cell-free DNA, exosomes, microRNA, and circulating tumor cells have also been identified. In this review, we summarize classical and emerging tumor markers and discuss their possible roles in emerging therapeutics.
黑色素瘤是一种侵袭性肿瘤，在全球范围内发病率不断上升。生物标志物是降低这种致命疾病治疗成本并提高疗效的宝贵工具。血清学标志物由于诊断敏感性和特异性不足，尚未广泛应用于常规临床实践。传统治疗缺乏客观反应可能阻碍了黑色素瘤生物标志物的研究与开发。然而，最近晚期黑色素瘤出现了新的药物和疗法，客观缓解率和生存率显著。在这种新情况下，应重新审视血清学肿瘤标志物。此外，还发现了其他潜在的循环生物标志物，如游离DNA、外泌体、微小RNA和循环肿瘤细胞。在本综述中，我们总结了经典和新兴的肿瘤标志物，并讨论了它们在新兴治疗方法中的可能作用。
