Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening, Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Hosp Infect. 2015 Jul;90(3):226-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.02.019. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
Hand hygiene is important for interrupting transmission of viruses through hands. Effectiveness of alcohol-based hand disinfectant has been shown for bacteria but their effectiveness in reducing transmission of viruses is ambiguous.
To test efficacy of alcohol hand disinfectant against human enteric and respiratory viruses and to compare efficacy of an alcohol-based hand disinfectant and handwashing with soap and water against norovirus.
Efficacies of a propanol and an ethanol-based hand disinfectant against human enteric and respiratory viruses were tested in carrier tests. Efficacy of an alcohol-based hand disinfectant and handwashing with soap and water against noroviruses GI.4, GII.4, and MNV1 were tested using finger pad tests.
The alcohol-based hand disinfectant reduced the infectivity of rotavirus and influenza A virus completely within 30s whereas poliovirus Sabin 1, adenovirus type 5, parechovirus 1, and MNV1 infectivity were reduced <3 log10 within 3 min. MNV1 infectivity reduction by washing hands with soap and water for 30s (>3.0 ± 0.4 log10) was significantly higher than treating hands with alcohol (2.8 ± 1.5 log10). Washing with soap and water for 30s removed genomic copies of MNV1 (>5 log10), noroviruses GI.4 (>6 log10), and GII.4 (4 log10) completely from all finger pads. Treating hands with propanol-based hand disinfectant showed little or no reduction to complete reduction with mean genomic copy reduction of noroviruses GI.4, GII.4, and MNV1 being >2.6, >3.3, and >1.2 log10 polymerase chain reaction units respectively.
Washing hands with soap and water is better than using alcohol-based hand disinfectants in removing noroviruses from hands.
手部卫生对于阻断经手传播病毒非常重要。已有研究证实醇类免洗手消毒剂对于细菌具有消毒效果，但对于病毒的消毒效果尚存在争议。
检测醇类手消毒剂对肠道病毒和呼吸道病毒的杀灭效果，并比较醇类手消毒剂与皂液洗手对诺如病毒的杀灭效果。
采用载体试验检测两种醇类手消毒剂对肠道病毒和呼吸道病毒的杀灭效果，采用指腹试验检测醇类手消毒剂和皂液洗手对诺如病毒 GI.4、GII.4 和 MNV1 的杀灭效果。
醇类手消毒剂可在 30 s 内完全灭活轮状病毒和甲型流感病毒，而脊髓灰质炎病毒 Sabin 1、腺病毒 5 型、肠道病毒 1 型和细小病毒 MNV1 的病毒滴度在 3 min 内降低<3 log10。与醇类手消毒剂相比，用皂液洗手 30 s 可使 MNV1 病毒滴度降低（>3.0±0.4 log10），差异具有统计学意义，而醇类手消毒剂处理后 MNV1 病毒滴度降低（2.8±1.5 log10）。用皂液洗手 30 s 可完全清除指腹上的 MNV1 基因组拷贝数（>5 log10）、诺如病毒 GI.4（>6 log10）和 GII.4（4 log10）。丙醇类手消毒剂处理组对诺如病毒 GI.4、GII.4 和 MNV1 的平均基因拷贝数降低程度较小或为完全清除，降低值分别为>2.6、>3.3 和>1.2 log10 聚合酶链反应单位。
与使用醇类手消毒剂相比，皂液洗手更有利于从手上清除诺如病毒。
