Intestinal Viruses Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
J Med Virol. 2012 Mar;84(3):543-7. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23222.
Ethanol-containing hand rubs are used frequently as a substitute for hand washing with water and soap. However, not all viruses are inactivated by a short term rubbing with alcohol. The capacity of a single round of instructed and controlled hand cleaning with water and soap or ethanol-containing hand rub, respectively, was tested for removal of human rhinovirus administered onto the skin of healthy volunteers on the back of the hands. Hand washing with soap and water appeared to be much more efficient for removing rhinoviruses from skin than rubbing hands with an ethanol-containing disinfectant. After washing with soap and water the virus was detected in 3/9 (33.3%) test persons from the left hand and 1/9 (11.1%) cases from the right hand, whereas the virus was detected invariably by real-time RT-PCR from both hands after cleaning with alcohol hand rub (P-value <0.01). Both substances evaluated clinically were also tested in vitro for virucidal efficacy against Human rhinovirus2 (HRV2) using a standardized assay. Both tested substances were poor within the contact time used in the hand-cleaning test. In conclusion, thorough and conventional hand washing with water and soap can clean efficiently hands contaminated with the virus responsible for an extensive share of common cold episodes.
含酒精的洗手液常被用作替代用水和肥皂洗手。然而，并非所有病毒都能被短时间的酒精擦拭所消灭。分别对用含酒精的洗手液或水和肥皂进行一轮指示性和控制性手部清洁的能力进行了测试，以去除涂抹在健康志愿者手背上的人类鼻病毒。与用含酒精的消毒剂擦拭双手相比，用肥皂和水洗手似乎更有效地从皮肤上清除鼻病毒。用肥皂和水洗手后，在 9 名左手测试者中有 3 名（33.3%）和 9 名右手测试者中有 1 名（11.1%）检测到病毒，而用酒精洗手液清洁后，实时 RT-PCR 始终能从双手检测到病毒（P 值<0.01）。对临床评估的两种物质也使用标准化测定法针对人类鼻病毒 2（HRV2）进行了体外杀病毒功效测试。在手部清洁测试中使用的接触时间内，两种测试物质的效果都很差。总之，彻底和常规的用肥皂和水洗手可以有效地清洁手部的病毒污染，这些病毒是引起大量普通感冒的罪魁祸首。
