Osterman Michelle J K, Kochanek Kenneth D, MacDorman Marian F, Strobino Donna M, Guyer Bernard
Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and
Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and.
Pediatrics. 2015 Jun;135(6):1115-25. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-0434. Epub 2015 May 4.
The number of births in the United States declined by 1% between 2012 and 2013, to a total of 3 932 181. The general fertility rate also declined 1% to 62.5 births per 1000 women, the lowest rate ever reported. The total fertility rate was down by 1% in 2013 (to 1857.5 births per 1000 women). The teenage birth rate fell to another historic low in 2013, 26.5 births per 1000 women. Birth rates also declined for women 20 to 29 years, but the rates rose for women 30 to 39 and were unchanged for women 40 to 44. The percentage of all births that were to unmarried women declined slightly to 40.6% in 2013, from 40.7% in 2012. In 2013, the cesarean delivery rate declined to 32.7% from 32.8% for 2012. The preterm birth rate declined for the seventh straight year in 2013 to 11.39%; the low birth weight (LBW) rate was essentially unchanged at 8.02%. The infant mortality rate was 5.96 infant deaths per 1000 live births in 2013, down 13% from 2005 (6.86). The age-adjusted death rate for 2013 was 7.3 deaths per 1000 population, unchanged from 2012. Crude death rates for children aged 1 to 19 years declined to 24.0 per 100 000 population in 2013, from 24.8 in 2012. Unintentional injuries and suicide were, respectively, the first and second leading causes of death in this age group. These 2 causes of death jointly accounted for 45.7% of all deaths to children and adolescents in 2013.
2012年至2013年间，美国的出生人数下降了1%，降至3932181人。总生育率也下降了1%，降至每1000名女性62.5例出生，为有记录以来的最低水平。2013年的总和生育率下降了1%（降至每1000名女性1857.5例出生）。青少年生育率在2013年降至另一个历史低点，为每1000名女性26.5例出生。20至29岁女性的生育率也有所下降，但30至39岁女性的生育率上升，40至44岁女性的生育率则保持不变。2013年，未婚女性生育的比例从2012年的40.7%略有下降至40.6%。2013年，剖宫产率从2012年的32.8%降至32.7%。早产率在2013年连续第七年下降至11.39%；低体重儿（LBW）率基本保持不变，为8.02%。2013年婴儿死亡率为每1000例活产5.96例婴儿死亡，比2005年（6.86）下降了13%。2013年的年龄调整死亡率为每1000人口7.3例死亡，与2012年持平。2013年，1至19岁儿童的粗死亡率从2012年的每10万人口24.8例降至24.0例。意外伤害和自杀分别是该年龄组的第一和第二大死因。这两个死因在2013年共同占儿童和青少年死亡总数的45.7%。
