Rullo Marika, Presaghi Fabio, Livi Stefano
Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
PLoS One. 2015 May 6;10(5):e0125605. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125605. eCollection 2015.
In the classic black sheep effect (BSE) an ingroup deviant member is usually evaluated more negatively than the corresponding outgroup deviant. This effect is usually obtained by using scenarios and asking people to imagine the situation as vividly as possible. The present study proposes a new method to investigate the BSE by considering the behavioral and physiological reactions to unfair behavior (aggressive game behavior) in a realistic experimental group-setting. The study involved 52 university students in a minimal group setting who performed a modified version of the competitive reaction time (CRT) task adapted to be played in groups of four people. The classic BSE was replicated for evaluation but not for the behavioral reactions (retaliate to aggression) to deviants. More interestingly, a negative relationship emerged in the ingroup deviant condition between the level of behavioral derogation and the systolic blood pressure level.
在经典的害群之马效应（BSE）中，群体内的违规成员通常比相应的群体外违规成员受到更负面的评价。这种效应通常通过使用情景并要求人们尽可能生动地想象情景来获得。本研究提出了一种新方法来研究害群之马效应，即考虑在现实的实验群体环境中对不公平行为（攻击性游戏行为）的行为和生理反应。该研究涉及52名处于最小群体环境中的大学生，他们执行了一个经过修改的竞争性反应时（CRT）任务，该任务适合四人一组进行。研究重复了经典的害群之马效应以进行评价，但对于对违规者的行为反应（对攻击行为进行报复）则未重复出现。更有趣的是，在群体内违规条件下，行为贬损程度与收缩压水平之间出现了负相关关系。
