Castano Emanuele, Paladino Maria-Paola, Coull Alastair, Yzerbyt Vincent Y
University of Kent at Canterbury, UK.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2002 Sep;41(Pt 3):365-85. doi: 10.1348/014466602760344269.
In two experiments, we investigated the impact of the presentation of a deviant ingroup member on the perception of the ingroup among participants who differed in their degree of identification with the ingroup. In Study 1, we measured psychology students' level of identification with the group of psychologists (i.e. the ingroup) and presented them with an anti-norm versus a pro-norm psychologist. Results showed that in the anti-norm condition (but not in the pre-norm condition), identification predicted the ratings of psychologists as a group and the perception of typicality of the deviant psychologist. Also, in this condition, the impact of the level of identification on the ratings of psychologists proved to be mediated by the perceived typicality of the deviant. In Study 2, group measures were taken both before and after presentation of a deviant among members of an environmentalist group who differed in their level of identification with the ingroup. The level of identification had an impact on the modification of the ratings of environmentalists as a group, and this effect was mediated by the perceived typicality of the deviant environmentalist. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the black sheep effect and the stereotype change literature.
在两项实验中，我们研究了呈现一个偏离群体规范的内群体成员对不同内群体认同程度的参与者的内群体认知的影响。在研究1中，我们测量了心理学专业学生对心理学家群体（即内群体）的认同程度，并向他们展示了一位违背规范的心理学家和一位遵循规范的心理学家。结果表明，在违背规范的条件下（而非遵循规范的条件下），认同程度预测了对心理学家群体的评价以及对偏离群体规范的心理学家的典型性认知。此外，在这种条件下，认同程度对心理学家评价的影响被证明是由对偏离群体规范者的感知典型性所介导的。在研究2中，我们对一个环保主义者群体中不同内群体认同程度的成员在呈现一个偏离群体规范者之前和之后都进行了群体测量。认同程度对作为一个群体的环保主义者评价的改变产生了影响，并且这种影响是由对偏离群体规范的环保主义者的感知典型性所介导的。我们从这些结果对害群之马效应和刻板印象变化文献的意义方面进行了讨论。
