Lanhers Charlotte, Pereira Bruno, Naughton Geraldine, Trousselard Marion, Lesage François-Xavier, Dutheil Frédéric
Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), 58 rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Clinical research and innovation direction, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Sports Med. 2015 Sep;45(9):1285-1294. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0337-4.
Creatine is the most widely used supplementation to increase strength performance. However, the few meta-analyses are more than 10 years old and suffer from inclusion bias such as the absence of randomization and placebo, the diversity of the inclusion criteria (aerobic/endurance, anaerobic/strength), no evaluation on specific muscles or group of muscles, and the considerable amount of conflicting results within the last decade.
The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate meta-analyzed effects of creatine supplementation on lower limb strength performance.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of all randomized controlled trials comparing creatine supplementation with a placebo, with strength performance of the lower limbs measured in exercises lasting less than 3 min. The search strategy used the keywords "creatine supplementation" and "performance". Dependent variables were creatine loading, total dose, duration, the time-intervals between baseline (T0) and the end of the supplementation (T1), as well as any training during supplementation. Independent variables were age, sex, and level of physical activity at baseline. We conducted meta-analyses at T1, and on changes between T0 and T1. Each meta-analysis was stratified within lower limb muscle groups and exercise tests.
We included 60 studies (646 individuals in the creatine supplementation group and 651 controls). At T1, the effect size (ES) among stratification for squat and leg press were, respectively, 0.336 (95 % CI 0.047-0.625, p = 0.023) and 0.297 (95 % CI 0.098-0.496, p = 0.003). Overall quadriceps ES was 0.266 (95 % CI 0.150-0.381, p < 0.001). Global lower limb ES was 0.235 (95 % CI 0.125-0.346, p < 0.001). Meta-analysis on changes between T0 and T1 gave similar results. The meta-regression showed no links with characteristics of population or of supplementation, demonstrating the creatine efficacy effects, independent of all listed conditions.
Creatine supplementation is effective in lower limb strength performance for exercise with a duration of less than 3 min, independent of population characteristic, training protocols, and supplementary doses and duration.
肌酸是用于增强力量表现的最广泛使用的补充剂。然而，少数荟萃分析已有十多年历史，且存在纳入偏倚，如缺乏随机分组和安慰剂对照、纳入标准多样（有氧/耐力、无氧/力量）、未对特定肌肉或肌群进行评估，以及过去十年内存在大量相互矛盾的结果。
本系统评价的目的是评估补充肌酸对下肢力量表现的荟萃分析效应。
我们对所有比较补充肌酸与安慰剂的随机对照试验进行了系统评价和荟萃分析，下肢力量表现在持续时间少于3分钟的运动中进行测量。检索策略使用了关键词“补充肌酸”和“表现”。因变量为肌酸负荷、总剂量、持续时间、基线（T0）与补充结束（T1）之间的时间间隔，以及补充期间的任何训练。自变量为年龄、性别和基线时的身体活动水平。我们在T1以及T0和T1之间的变化上进行了荟萃分析。每项荟萃分析在下肢肌肉群和运动测试中进行分层。
我们纳入了60项研究（补充肌酸组646人，对照组651人）。在T1时，深蹲和腿举分层中的效应量（ES）分别为0.336（95%CI 0.047 - 0.625，p = 0.从1. 023）和0.297（95%CI 0.098 - 0.496，p = 0.003）。股四头肌总体ES为0.266（95%CI 0.150 - 0.381，p < 0.001）。下肢总体ES为0.235（95%CI 0.125 - 0.346，p < 0.001）。对T0和T1之间变化的荟萃分析得出了类似结果。荟萃回归显示与人群或补充剂的特征无关联，表明肌酸的功效独立于所有列出的条件。
补充肌酸对持续时间少于3分钟的运动的下肢力量表现有效，与人群特征、训练方案以及补充剂量和持续时间无关。
