Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), 58 rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
CNRS UMR 6024, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, LAPSCO, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Sports Med. 2017 Jan;47(1):163-173. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0571-4.
Creatine is the most widely used supplementation to increase performance in strength; however, the most recent meta-analysis focused specifically on supplementation responses in muscles of the lower limbs without regard to upper limbs.
We aimed to systematically review the effect of creatine supplementation on upper limb strength performance.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of all randomized controlled trials comparing creatine supplementation with a placebo, with strength performance measured in exercises shorter than 3 min in duration. The search strategy used the keywords 'creatine', 'supplementation', and 'performance'. Independent variables were age, sex and level of physical activity at baseline, while dependent variables were creatine loading, total dose, duration, time interval between baseline (T0) and the end of the supplementation (T1), and any training during supplementation. We conducted three meta-analyses: at T0 and T1, and on changes between T0 and T1. Each meta-analysis was stratified within upper limb muscle groups.
We included 53 studies (563 individuals in the creatine supplementation group and 575 controls). Results did not differ at T0, while, at T1, the effect size (ES) for bench press and chest press were 0.265 (95 % CI 0.132-0.398; p < 0.001) and 0.677 (95 % CI 0.149-1.206; p = 0.012), respectively. Overall, pectoral ES was 0.289 (95 % CI 0.160-0.419; p = 0.000), and global upper limb ES was 0.317 (95 % CI 0.185-0.449; p < 0.001). Meta-analysis of changes between T0 and T1 gave similar results. The meta-regression showed no link with characteristics of population or supplementation, demonstrating the efficacy of creatine independently of all listed conditions.
Creatine supplementation is effective in upper limb strength performance for exercise with a duration of less than 3 min, independent of population characteristics, training protocols, and supplementary doses or duration.
肌酸是最广泛用于提高力量表现的补充剂；然而，最近的荟萃分析专门针对下肢肌肉的补充反应，而不考虑上肢。
我们旨在系统地综述肌酸补充对上肢力量表现的影响。
我们进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析，比较了肌酸补充与安慰剂的随机对照试验，运动持续时间短于 3 分钟。搜索策略使用了关键词“肌酸”、“补充”和“表现”。自变量为年龄、性别和基线时的身体活动水平，而因变量为肌酸负荷、总剂量、持续时间、从基线（T0）到补充结束（T1）的时间间隔，以及补充期间的任何训练。我们进行了三项荟萃分析：T0 和 T1 时，以及 T0 和 T1 之间的变化。每项荟萃分析都按上肢肌肉群分层。
我们纳入了 53 项研究（肌酸补充组 563 人，对照组 575 人）。T0 时结果无差异，而 T1 时，卧推和卧推的效应大小（ES）分别为 0.265（95%CI 0.132-0.398；p<0.001）和 0.677（95%CI 0.149-1.206；p=0.012）。总体而言，胸肌 ES 为 0.289（95%CI 0.160-0.419；p=0.000），上肢整体 ES 为 0.317（95%CI 0.185-0.449；p<0.001）。T0 和 T1 之间变化的荟萃分析得出了类似的结果。元回归显示，人群特征或补充特征与结果无关联，表明肌酸的疗效独立于所有列出的条件。
肌酸补充对持续时间少于 3 分钟的上肢力量表现有效，与人群特征、训练方案以及补充剂量或持续时间无关。
