Hutchinson Jayne, Prady Stephanie L, Smith Michaela A, White Piran C L, Graham Hilary M
Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington York YO10 5DD, UK.
Environment Department, University of York, Heslington York YO10 5DD, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 May 5;12(5):4833-58. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120504833.
Individual lifestyles are key drivers of both environmental change and chronic disease. We undertook a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies which examined associations between environmental and health behaviors of individuals in high-income countries. We searched EconLit, Medline, BIOSIS and the Social Science Citation Index. A total of 136 studies were included. The majority were USA-based cross-sectional studies using self-reported measures. Most of the evidence related to travel behavior, particularly active travel (walking and cycling) and physical activity (92 studies) or sedentary behaviors (19 studies). Associations of public transport use with physical activity were examined in 18 studies, and with sedentary behavior in one study. Four studies examined associations between car use and physical activity. A small number included other environmental behaviors (food-related behaviors (n = 14), including organic food, locally-sourced food and plate waste) and other health behaviors ((n = 20) smoking, dietary intake, alcohol). These results suggest that research on individual environmental and health behaviors consists largely of studies examining associations between travel mode and levels of physical activity. There appears to be less research on associations between other behaviors with environmental and health impacts, and very few longitudinal studies in any domain.
个人生活方式是环境变化和慢性病的关键驱动因素。我们对同行评审研究进行了一项范围综述，这些研究考察了高收入国家中个人的环境行为与健康行为之间的关联。我们检索了EconLit、Medline、BIOSIS和社会科学引文索引。共纳入136项研究。大多数是基于美国的横断面研究，采用自我报告的测量方法。大多数证据与出行行为有关，特别是主动出行（步行和骑自行车）和身体活动（92项研究）或久坐行为（19项研究）。18项研究考察了公共交通使用与身体活动之间的关联，1项研究考察了公共交通使用与久坐行为之间的关联。4项研究考察了汽车使用与身体活动之间的关联。少数研究纳入了其他环境行为（与食物相关的行为（n = 14），包括有机食品、本地采购食品和餐盘浪费）和其他健康行为（（n = 20）吸烟、饮食摄入、饮酒）。这些结果表明，关于个人环境行为与健康行为的研究主要包括考察出行方式与身体活动水平之间关联的研究。对于其他具有环境和健康影响的行为之间的关联，研究似乎较少，而且在任何领域的纵向研究都很少。
