Barocchi Michèle Anne, Rappuoli Rino
Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Siena, Italy.
Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Siena, Italy
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015 Jun 19;370(1671). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0150.
Thanks to the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), the Vaccine Fund and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the global health community has made enormous progress in providing already existing vaccines to developing countries. However, there still exists a gap to develop vaccines for which there is no market in the Western world, owing to low economic incentives for the private sector to justify the investments necessary for vaccine development. In many cases, industry has the technologies, but lacks the impetus to direct resources to develop these vaccine products. The present emergency with the Ebola vaccine provides us an excellent example where a vaccine was feasible several years ago, but the global health community waited for a humanitarian disaster to direct efforts and resources to develop this vaccine. In the beginning of 2015, the first large-scale trials of two experimental vaccines against Ebola virus disease have begun in West Africa. During the past few years, several institutions have dedicated efforts to the development of vaccines against diseases present only in low-income countries. These include the International Vaccine Institute, the Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, the Hilleman Institute, the Sabin Vaccine Institute and the Infectious Disease Research Institute. Nevertheless, solving this problem requires a more significant global effort than that currently invested. These efforts include a clear policy, global coordination of funds dedicated to the development of neglected disease and an agreement on regulatory strategies and incentives for the private sector.
多亏了全球疫苗免疫联盟(GAVI)、疫苗基金以及比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会,全球卫生界在向发展中国家提供现有疫苗方面取得了巨大进展。然而,对于西方世界没有市场的疫苗研发,仍然存在差距,因为私营部门缺乏经济激励来证明进行疫苗研发所需的投资是合理的。在许多情况下,企业拥有技术,但缺乏将资源用于研发这些疫苗产品的动力。目前埃博拉疫苗的紧急情况就是一个很好的例子,几年前一种疫苗就已可行,但全球卫生界却等到一场人道主义灾难发生后才投入精力和资源来研发这种疫苗。2015年初,针对埃博拉病毒病的两种实验性疫苗的首次大规模试验在西非展开。在过去几年里,多个机构致力于研发仅在低收入国家出现的疾病的疫苗。这些机构包括国际疫苗研究所、诺华全球健康疫苗研究所、希勒曼研究所、萨宾疫苗研究所和传染病研究所。然而,要解决这个问题需要比目前投入的更大规模的全球努力。这些努力包括明确的政策、专门用于被忽视疾病研发的资金的全球协调,以及就监管策略和对私营部门的激励措施达成一致。