波兰东部饥饿蜱虫中的巴贝斯虫属：患病率与物种多样性
Babesia spp. in questing ticks from eastern Poland: prevalence and species diversity.
作者信息
Wójcik-Fatla Angelina, Zając Violetta, Sawczyn Anna, Cisak Ewa, Dutkiewicz Jacek
机构信息
Department of Zoonoses, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland,
出版信息
Parasitol Res. 2015 Aug;114(8):3111-6. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4529-5. Epub 2015 May 16.
A total of 853 questing Ixodes ricinus males, females, and nymphs and of 582 questing Dermacentor reticulatus males and females were collected from vegetation on the territory of the Lublin province (eastern Poland). The ticks were examined for the presence of Babesia by PCR detecting part of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and nuclear small subunit rRNA (SS-rDNA) for determining of Babesia spp. and Babesia microti, respectively. The overall incidence of Babesia strains in I. ricinus ticks was 4.6%. Three species of Babesia were identified. The prevalent species was B. microti which occurred in 2.8% of ticks, while Babesia venatorum, Babesia divergens, and unidentified Babesia species were found at the frequency of 1.2, 0.2, and 0.3%, respectively. Altogether, B. microti constituted 61.5% of the total strains detected in I. ricinus, B. venatorum-25.7%, B. divergens-5.1%, and unidentified Babesia species-7.7%. The prevalence of Babesia species in I. ricinus did not depend significantly on locality (χ(2) = 1.885, P = 0.390) nor on the tick stage (χ(2) = 4.874, P = 0.087). The incidence of Babesia strains in D. reticulatus ticks was 2.7%. Two species of Babesia were identified. Again, the prevalent species was B. microti which occurred in 2.1% of ticks, while B. canis was found in 0.7% of ticks. In one D. reticulatus female, B. canis and B. microti co-infection was found. Altogether, B. microti constituted 75% of the total strains detected in D. reticulatus while B. canis formed 25% of the total strains. The frequency of the occurrence of Babesia species in D. reticulatus did not depend significantly on locality (χ(2) = 0.463, P = 0.793). The difference between the prevalence of Babesia in males and females of D. reticulatus was insignificant (P = 0.0954); nymphs were not found. The dominance of B. microti in the species composition of tick-borne Babesia found in this study was typical for eastern Europe. In conclusion, the results revealed that the population inhabiting the forested area of eastern Poland could be exposed to Babesia parasites, especially to those from the species B. microti, by a bite of I. ricinus, a competent vector of human babesiosis, and probably also by a bite of D. reticulatus whose role in the transmission of human babesiosis needs to be clarified.
从波兰东部卢布林省的植被中总共采集了853只饥饿的蓖麻硬蜱（Ixodes ricinus），包括雄蜱、雌蜱和若蜱，以及582只饥饿的网纹革蜱（Dermacentor reticulatus），包括雄蜱和雌蜱。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测蜱中是否存在巴贝斯虫，该反应分别检测18S核糖体RNA（rRNA）基因的部分序列和核小亚基rRNA（SS - rDNA），以确定巴贝斯虫属和微小巴贝斯虫（Babesia microti）。蓖麻硬蜱中巴贝斯虫菌株的总体发生率为4.6%。鉴定出三种巴贝斯虫。流行的物种是微小巴贝斯虫，在2.8%的蜱中出现，而嗜吞噬细胞无形体（Babesia venatorum）、分歧巴贝斯虫（Babesia divergens）和未鉴定的巴贝斯虫物种的出现频率分别为1.2%、0.2%和0.3%。总体而言，微小巴贝斯虫占蓖麻硬蜱中检测到的总菌株的61.5%，嗜吞噬细胞无形体占25.7%，分歧巴贝斯虫占5.1%，未鉴定的巴贝斯虫物种占7.7%。蓖麻硬蜱中巴贝斯虫物种的流行率在很大程度上不依赖于地点（χ(2) = 1.885，P = 0.390），也不依赖于蜱的阶段（χ(2) = 4.874，P = 0.087）。网纹革蜱中巴贝斯虫菌株的发生率为2.7%。鉴定出两种巴贝斯虫。同样，流行的物种是微小巴贝斯虫，在2.1%的蜱中出现，而犬巴贝斯虫（B. canis）在0.7%的蜱中被发现。在一只网纹革蜱雌蜱中，发现了犬巴贝斯虫和微小巴贝斯虫的共感染。总体而言，微小巴贝斯虫占网纹革蜱中检测到的总菌株的75%，而犬巴贝斯虫占总菌株的25%。网纹革蜱中巴贝斯虫物种的出现频率在很大程度上不依赖于地点（χ(2) = 0.463，P = 0.793）。网纹革蜱雄蜱和雌蜱中巴贝斯虫流行率的差异不显著（P = 0.0954）；未发现若蜱。在本研究中发现的蜱传巴贝斯虫物种组成中微小巴贝斯虫的优势在东欧是典型的。总之，结果表明，居住在波兰东部林区的人群可能通过被人类巴贝斯虫病的有效传播媒介蓖麻硬蜱叮咬，以及可能也通过被网纹革蜱叮咬而接触到巴贝斯虫寄生虫，网纹革蜱在人类巴贝斯虫病传播中的作用需要进一步阐明。
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