Rettig Eleni M, D'Souza Gypsyamber
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2015 Jul;24(3):379-96. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
This article discusses risk factors, incidence trends, and prognostic considerations for head and neck cancer (HNC). The primary causes of HNC are tobacco and alcohol use, and human papillomavirus (HPV). Tobacco-related HNC incidence rates are decreasing in countries where tobacco use has declined. HPV-HNC, which occurs primarily in the oropharynx and is associated with sexual behaviors, has been increasing over the past several decades, among white men in particular. The prognosis for HNC overall has improved slightly since the 1990s, and is influenced by site, stage, and HPV status. Prognosis for HPV-HNC is significantly better than for HPV-negative disease.
本文讨论了头颈癌（HNC）的风险因素、发病率趋势和预后因素。头颈癌的主要病因是烟草和酒精使用以及人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）。在烟草使用有所下降的国家，与烟草相关的头颈癌发病率正在降低。主要发生在口咽且与性行为相关的HPV相关头颈癌在过去几十年中一直在增加，尤其是在白人男性中。自20世纪90年代以来，头颈癌的总体预后略有改善，并且受到发病部位、分期和HPV状态的影响。HPV相关头颈癌的预后明显好于HPV阴性疾病。
