Su Yixue, Xie Zhiwei, Kim Gloria B, Dong Cheng, Yang Jian
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institutes, the Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, W340 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2015;1(4):201-217. doi: 10.1021/ab500179h. Epub 2015 Mar 12.
Drug delivery systems, particularly nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems, possess a tremendous amount of potential to improve diagnostic and therapeutic effects of drugs. Controlled drug delivery targeted to a specific disease is designed to significantly improve the pharmaceutical effects of drugs and reduce their side effects. Unfortunately, only a few targeted drug delivery systems can achieve high targeting efficiency after intravenous injection, even with the development of numerous surface markers and targeting modalities. Thus, alternative drug and nanomedicine targeting approaches are desired. Circulating cells, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and stem cells, present innate disease sensing and homing properties. Hence, using living cells as drug delivery carriers has gained increasing interest in recent years. This review highlights the recent advances in the design of cell-mediated drug delivery systems and targeting mechanisms. The approaches of drug encapsulation/conjugation to cell-carriers, cell-mediated targeting mechanisms, and the methods of controlled drug release are elaborated here. Cell-based "live" targeting and delivery could be used to facilitate a more specific, robust, and smart payload distribution for the next-generation drug delivery systems.
药物递送系统，尤其是基于纳米材料的药物递送系统，在改善药物的诊断和治疗效果方面具有巨大潜力。针对特定疾病的可控药物递送旨在显著提高药物的药学效果并降低其副作用。不幸的是，即使开发了众多表面标志物和靶向方式，静脉注射后也只有少数靶向药物递送系统能够实现高靶向效率。因此，需要替代性的药物和纳米药物靶向方法。循环细胞，如红细胞、白细胞和干细胞，具有天然的疾病感知和归巢特性。因此，近年来将活细胞用作药物递送载体越来越受到关注。本综述重点介绍了细胞介导的药物递送系统设计和靶向机制的最新进展。本文详细阐述了药物封装/偶联到细胞载体的方法、细胞介导的靶向机制以及可控药物释放的方法。基于细胞的“活体”靶向和递送可用于为下一代药物递送系统促进更特异、更强大和更智能的有效载荷分布。
