Bahreini Maryam
Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran.
J Lasers Med Sci. 2015 Spring;6(2):51-61.
In the surgical treatment of malignant tumors, it is crucial to characterize the tumor as precisely as possible. The determination of the exact tumor location as well as the analysis of its properties is very important in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis as early as possible. In neurosurgical applications, the optical, non-invasive and in situ techniques allow for the label-free analysis of tissue, which is helpful in neuropathology. In the past decades, optical spectroscopic methods have been investigated drastically in the management of cancer. In the optical spectroscopic techniques, tissue interrogate with sources of light which are ranged from the ultraviolet to the infrared wavelength in the spectrum. The information accumulation of light can be in a reflection which is named reflectance spectroscopy; or interactions with tissue at different wavelengths which are called fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. This review paper introduces the optical spectroscopic methods which are used to characterize brain tumors (neuro-oncology). Based on biochemical information obtained from these spectroscopic methods, it is possible to identify tumor from normal brain tissues, to indicate tumor margins, the borders towards normal brain tissue and infiltrating gliomas, to distinguish radiation damage of tissues, to detect particular central nervous system (CNS) structures to identify cell types using particular neurotransmitters, to detect cells or drugs which are optically labeled within therapeutic intermediations and to estimate the viability of tissue and the prediction of apoptosis beginning in vitro and in vivo. The label-free, optical biochemical spectroscopic methods can provide clinically relevant information and need to be further exploited to develop a safe and easy-to-use technology for in situ diagnosis of malignant tumors.
在恶性肿瘤的外科治疗中，尽可能精确地描述肿瘤特征至关重要。确定肿瘤的确切位置以及分析其特性对于尽早获得准确诊断非常重要。在神经外科应用中，光学、非侵入性和原位技术可对组织进行无标记分析，这对神经病理学很有帮助。在过去几十年中，光学光谱方法在癌症治疗中得到了深入研究。在光学光谱技术中，用光谱范围从紫外到红外波长的光源对组织进行探测。光信息积累可以通过反射（称为反射光谱）；或者通过与不同波长的组织相互作用（称为荧光光谱和拉曼光谱）。本文综述了用于描述脑肿瘤（神经肿瘤学）特征的光学光谱方法。基于从这些光谱方法获得的生化信息，可以从正常脑组织中识别肿瘤，指示肿瘤边缘、与正常脑组织的边界以及浸润性胶质瘤，区分组织的放射性损伤，检测特定的中枢神经系统（CNS）结构以使用特定神经递质识别细胞类型，检测治疗过程中光学标记的细胞或药物，以及估计组织的活力和预测体外和体内的细胞凋亡开始情况。无标记的光学生化光谱方法可以提供临床相关信息，需要进一步开发以形成一种安全且易于使用的原位诊断恶性肿瘤的技术。
