Cheat Sophal, Gerez Juliana R, Cognié Juliette, Alassane-Kpembi Imourana, Bracarense Ana Paula F L, Raymond-Letron Isabelle, Oswald Isabelle P, Kolf-Clauw Martine
Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire (INP-ENVT), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 23 chemin des Capelles, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 180 chemin de tournefeuille F-31027 Toulouse, France.
Toxins (Basel). 2015 May 29;7(6):1945-61. doi: 10.3390/toxins7061945.
The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), worldwide cereal contaminants, raise concerns for animal and human gut health, following contaminated food or feed ingestion. The impact of DON and NIV on intestinal mucosa was investigated after acute exposure, in vitro and in vivo. The histological changes induced by DON and NIV were analyzed after four-hour exposure on pig jejunum explants and loops, two alternative models. On explants, dose-dependent increases in the histological changes were induced by DON and NIV, with a two-fold increase in lesion severity at 10 µM NIV. On loops, NIV had a greater impact on the mucosa than DON. The overall proliferative cells showed 30% and 13% decrease after NIV and DON exposure, respectively, and NIV increased the proliferative index of crypt enterocytes. NIV also increased apoptosis at the top of villi and reduced by almost half the proliferative/apoptotic cell ratio. Lamina propria cells (mainly immune cells) were more sensitive than enterocytes (epithelial cells) to apoptosis induced by NIV. Our results demonstrate a greater impact of NIV than DON on the intestinal mucosa, both in vitro and in vivo, and highlight the need of a specific hazard characterization for NIV risk assessment.
呕吐毒素（DON）和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）是全球范围内谷物中的污染物，在摄入受污染的食物或饲料后，会引发对动物和人类肠道健康的担忧。在急性暴露后，对呕吐毒素和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇在体外和体内对肠黏膜的影响进行了研究。在猪空肠外植体和肠袢（两种替代模型）上暴露4小时后，分析了呕吐毒素和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇诱导的组织学变化。在外植体上，呕吐毒素和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇诱导的组织学变化呈剂量依赖性增加，在10µM雪腐镰刀菌烯醇时病变严重程度增加两倍。在肠袢上，雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对黏膜的影响比呕吐毒素更大。总体增殖细胞在暴露于雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和呕吐毒素后分别减少了30%和13%，并且雪腐镰刀菌烯醇增加了隐窝肠细胞的增殖指数。雪腐镰刀菌烯醇还增加了绒毛顶端的细胞凋亡，并使增殖/凋亡细胞比率降低了近一半。固有层细胞（主要是免疫细胞）比肠上皮细胞对雪腐镰刀菌烯醇诱导的细胞凋亡更敏感。我们的结果表明，在体外和体内，雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对肠黏膜的影响比呕吐毒素更大，并强调了对雪腐镰刀菌烯醇风险评估进行特定危害特征描述的必要性。
