Ahlgren Christina, Hammarström Anne, Sandberg Susanne, Lindahl Bernt, Olsson Tommy, Larsson Christel, Fjellman-Wiklund Anncristine
Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, SE 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
Umeå Centre for Gender Studies in Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Int J Behav Med. 2016 Feb;23(1):84-93. doi: 10.1007/s12529-015-9495-x.
Dietary weight loss interventions most often result in weight loss, but weight maintenance on a long-term basis is the main problem in obesity treatment. There is a need for an increased understanding of the behaviour patterns involved in adopting a new dietary behavior and to maintain the behaviour over time.
The purpose of this paper is to explore overweight and obese middle-aged women's experiences of the dietary change processes when participating in a 2-year-long diet intervention.
Qualitative semi-structured interviews with 12 overweight and obese women (54-71 years) were made after their participation in a diet intervention programme. The programme was designed as a RCT study comparing a diet according to the Nordic nutrition recommendations (NNR diet) and a Palaeolithic diet (PD). Interviews were analysed according to Grounded Theory principles.
A core category "Engagement phases in the process of a diet intervention" concluded the analysis. Four categories included the informants' experiences during different stages of the process of dietary change: "Honeymoon phase", "Everyday life phase", "It's up to you phase" and "Crossroads phase". The early part of the intervention period was called "Honeymoon phase" and was characterised by positive experiences, including perceived weight loss and extensive support. The next phases, the "Everyday life phase" and "It's up to you phase", contained the largest obstacles to change. The home environment appeared as a crucial factor, which could be decisive for maintenance of the new dietary habits or relapse into old habits in the last phase called "Crossroads phase".
We identified various phases of engagement in the process of a long-term dietary intervention among middle-aged women. A clear personal goal and support from family and friends seem to be of major importance for long-term maintenance of new dietary habits. Gender relations within the household must be considered as a possible obstacle for women engaging in diet intervention.
饮食减肥干预措施大多能带来体重减轻，但长期维持体重是肥胖治疗中的主要问题。有必要加深对采用新饮食行为及长期维持该行为所涉及的行为模式的理解。
本文旨在探讨超重和肥胖中年女性参与为期两年的饮食干预时在饮食变化过程中的经历。
在12名超重和肥胖女性（54 - 71岁）参与饮食干预项目后，对她们进行了定性半结构式访谈。该项目设计为一项随机对照试验研究，比较根据北欧营养建议制定的饮食（北欧营养建议饮食）和旧石器时代饮食（古饮食）。访谈依据扎根理论原则进行分析。
分析得出一个核心类别“饮食干预过程中的参与阶段”。四个类别涵盖了受访者在饮食变化过程不同阶段的经历：“蜜月期”“日常生活期”“取决于你期”和“十字路口期”。干预期的早期被称为“蜜月期”，其特点是有积极体验，包括体重减轻的感受和广泛的支持。接下来的阶段，即“日常生活期”和“取决于你期”，包含了最大的改变障碍。家庭环境成为一个关键因素，它可能对维持新饮食习惯或在最后一个阶段“十字路口期”重拾旧习惯起决定性作用。
我们确定了中年女性在长期饮食干预过程中的不同参与阶段。明确的个人目标以及家人和朋友的支持似乎对长期维持新饮食习惯至关重要。家庭中的性别关系必须被视为女性参与饮食干预的一个可能障碍。
