Krok Windi C, Leonard Laurence B
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2015 Aug;58(4):1326-40. doi: 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-14-0348.
This study examined the extent to which children with specific language impairment (SLI) across Germanic languages differ from their typically developing (TD) peers in the use of past tense morphology.
A systematic literature search identified empirical studies examining regular and/or irregular past tense production by English and non-English Germanic-speaking children with SLI and their TD peers. Data from qualifying studies were extracted and converted to Hedges's g effect sizes.
Seventeen English and 8 non-English Germanic studies met inclusionary criteria. Comparing children with SLI and their TD age-matched (TDA) peers resulted in large combined effect sizes for English and non-English Germanic regular and irregular past tense production. Comparisons between children with SLI and their TD younger (TDY) peers also revealed large combined effect sizes for English and non-English Germanic regular past tense production. Effect sizes for studies comparing SLI and TDY irregular past tense production were large for non-English Germanic-speaking children and moderate for English-speaking children.
Results suggest that children with SLI across Germanic languages do indeed have more difficulty marking verbs for past tense than TDA and TDY peers. The findings suggest that the potential value of past tense production as a clinical marker of SLI may well extend beyond English.
本研究考察了日耳曼语系中患有特定语言障碍（SLI）的儿童在过去时态形态的使用上与发育正常（TD）的同龄人相比存在多大差异。
通过系统的文献检索，确定了关于说英语和非英语日耳曼语的患有SLI的儿童及其TD同龄人对规则和/或不规则过去时态的产出的实证研究。从符合条件的研究中提取数据，并转换为赫奇斯g效应量。
17项英语研究和8项非英语日耳曼语研究符合纳入标准。将患有SLI的儿童与其年龄匹配的TD（TDA）同龄人进行比较，结果显示，在英语和非英语日耳曼语的规则和不规则过去时态产出方面，综合效应量都很大。将患有SLI的儿童与其年龄较小的TD（TDY）同龄人进行比较，也显示在英语和非英语日耳曼语的规则过去时态产出方面，综合效应量很大。对于比较SLI和TDY不规则过去时态产出的研究，非英语日耳曼语儿童的效应量很大，而英语儿童的效应量适中。
结果表明，日耳曼语系中患有SLI的儿童在为动词标记过去时态方面确实比TDA和TDY同龄人有更多困难。研究结果表明，过去时态产出作为SLI临床指标的潜在价值可能远远超出英语范围。
