Delphine Mitanchez, Division of Neonatology, Department of Perinatology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, 75012 Paris, France.
World J Diabetes. 2015 Jun 10;6(5):734-43. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i5.734.
In the epidemiologic context of maternal obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the incidence of gestational diabetes has significantly increased in the last decades. Infants of diabetic mothers are prone to various neonatal adverse outcomes, including metabolic and hematologic disorders, respiratory distress, cardiac disorders and neurologic impairment due to perinatal asphyxia and birth traumas, among others. Macrosomia is the most constant consequence of diabetes and its severity is mainly influenced by maternal blood glucose level. Neonatal hypoglycemia is the main metabolic disorder that should be prevented as soon as possible after birth. The severity of macrosomia and the maternal health condition have a strong impact on the frequency and the severity of adverse neonatal outcomes. Pregestational T2D and maternal obesity significantly increase the risk of perinatal death and birth defects. The high incidence of maternal hyperglycemia in developing countries, associated with the scarcity of maternal and neonatal care, seriously increase the burden of neonatal complications in these countries.
在母体肥胖和 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的流行病学背景下，妊娠糖尿病的发病率在过去几十年中显著增加。糖尿病母亲的婴儿容易出现各种新生儿不良结局，包括代谢和血液紊乱、呼吸窘迫、心脏疾病以及由于围产期窒息和分娩创伤引起的神经损伤等。巨大儿是糖尿病最常见的后果，其严重程度主要受母体血糖水平的影响。新生儿低血糖是主要的代谢紊乱，应在出生后尽快预防。巨大儿的严重程度和产妇的健康状况对新生儿不良结局的频率和严重程度有很大影响。孕前 T2D 和母体肥胖显著增加围产期死亡和出生缺陷的风险。在发展中国家，母体高血糖的高发病率与母婴保健的匮乏有关，这严重增加了这些国家新生儿并发症的负担。
