感染与宿主易感性中的血型
Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility.
作者信息
Cooling Laura
机构信息
Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
出版信息
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015 Jul;28(3):801-70. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00109-14.
Abstract
Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of individual blood group antigens and alleles. Differences in blood group antigen expression can increase or decrease host susceptibility to many infections. Blood groups can play a direct role in infection by serving as receptors and/or coreceptors for microorganisms, parasites, and viruses. In addition, many blood group antigens facilitate intracellular uptake, signal transduction, or adhesion through the organization of membrane microdomains. Several blood groups can modify the innate immune response to infection. Several distinct phenotypes associated with increased host resistance to malaria are overrepresented in populations living in areas where malaria is endemic, as a result of evolutionary pressures. Microorganisms can also stimulate antibodies against blood group antigens, including ABO, T, and Kell. Finally, there is a symbiotic relationship between blood group expression and maturation of the gastrointestinal microbiome.
摘要
血型抗原代表个体和群体中遗传的多态性特征。目前，已识别出34种人类血型以及数百种个体血型抗原和等位基因。血型抗原表达的差异可增加或降低宿主对多种感染的易感性。血型可通过作为微生物、寄生虫和病毒的受体和/或共受体在感染中发挥直接作用。此外，许多血型抗原通过膜微结构域的组织促进细胞内摄取、信号转导或黏附。几种血型可改变对感染的固有免疫反应。由于进化压力，在疟疾流行地区生活的人群中，几种与宿主对疟疾抵抗力增强相关的独特表型比例过高。微生物也可刺激针对血型抗原的抗体，包括ABO、T和凯尔血型抗原。最后，血型表达与胃肠道微生物群的成熟之间存在共生关系。
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