De Maesschalck C, Eeckhaut V, Maertens L, De Lange L, Marchal L, Nezer C, De Baere S, Croubels S, Daube G, Dewulf J, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R, Taminau B, Van Immerseel F
Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Animal Science Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Melle, Belgium.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015 Sep 1;81(17):5880-8. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01616-15. Epub 2015 Jun 19.
In broiler chickens, feed additives, including prebiotics, are widely used to improve gut health and to stimulate performance. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans that can be fermented by the gut microbiota. In the current study, we aimed to analyze the prebiotic properties of XOS when added to the broiler diet. Administration of XOS to chickens, in addition to a wheat-rye-based diet, significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. XOS significantly increased villus length in the ileum. It also significantly increased numbers of lactobacilli in the colon and Clostridium cluster XIVa in the ceca. Moreover, the number of gene copies encoding the key bacterial enzyme for butyrate production, butyryl-coenzyme A (butyryl-CoA):acetate CoA transferase, was significantly increased in the ceca of chickens administered XOS. In this group of chickens, at the species level, Lactobacillus crispatus and Anaerostipes butyraticus were significantly increased in abundance in the colon and cecum, respectively. In vitro fermentation of XOS revealed cross-feeding between L. crispatus and A. butyraticus. Lactate, produced by L. crispatus during XOS fermentation, was utilized by the butyrate-producing Anaerostipes species. These data show the beneficial effects of XOS on broiler performance when added to the feed, which potentially can be explained by stimulation of butyrate-producing bacteria through cross-feeding of lactate and subsequent effects of butyrate on gastrointestinal function.
在肉鸡中，包括益生元在内的饲料添加剂被广泛用于改善肠道健康和提高生产性能。低聚木糖（XOS）是阿拉伯木聚糖的水解降解产物，可被肠道微生物群发酵。在本研究中，我们旨在分析添加到肉鸡日粮中的XOS的益生元特性。除了以小麦-黑麦为基础的日粮外，给鸡投喂XOS可显著提高饲料转化率。XOS显著增加了回肠绒毛长度。它还显著增加了结肠中乳酸杆菌的数量以及盲肠中梭菌属 XIVa 簇的数量。此外，在投喂XOS的鸡的盲肠中，编码丁酸产生关键细菌酶丁酰辅酶A（丁酰-CoA）：乙酸辅酶A转移酶的基因拷贝数显著增加。在这组鸡中，在物种水平上，卷曲乳杆菌和丁酸厌氧棒状菌在结肠和盲肠中的丰度分别显著增加。XOS的体外发酵揭示了卷曲乳杆菌和丁酸厌氧棒状菌之间的互养作用。卷曲乳杆菌在XOS发酵过程中产生的乳酸被产丁酸的厌氧棒状菌属利用。这些数据表明，添加到饲料中的XOS对肉鸡生产性能具有有益影响，这可能是通过乳酸的互养作用刺激产丁酸细菌以及丁酸随后对胃肠功能的影响来解释的。
