Schimmel Martin, Katsoulis Joannis, Genton Laurence, Müller Frauke
Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, Division of erodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Swiss Dent J. 2015;125(4):449-54. doi: 10.61872/sdj-2015-04-04.
Nowadays, many people retain their natural teeth until late in life as a result of the large success of preventive strategies. However, there is still a very high prevalence of edentulism especially in elderly patients and many of these patients are provided with inadequate dental prostheses. In addition, many elderly citizens suffer from systemic diseases leading to increased drug prescription with age. This may have direct or indirect negative effects on the health and integrity of oral tissues like teeth, mucosa or muscles. There is growing evidence that a close interaction between the general medical condition and oral health exists. From a dental point of view, the chewing ability and capacity and its interaction with the nutritional status seem to be especially important. For example, complete denture wearers present a significant oral disability, which often leads to a gradual deterioration of their individual dietary habits. The improvement of maximum bite force and chewing efficiency may be an important prerequisite for an adequate nutrition. Those functional parameters can often be improved by providing functional dental prostheses or by stabilizing complete dentures with endosseous implants. Nevertheless, an improvement of the nutritional status can only be achieved through a close collaboration with dieticians or clinical nutritionists.
如今，由于预防策略的巨大成功，许多人直到晚年仍保留着天然牙。然而，无牙症的患病率仍然非常高，尤其是在老年患者中，而且这些患者中的许多人所佩戴的假牙并不合适。此外，许多老年公民患有全身性疾病，导致随着年龄增长药物处方增加。这可能会对牙齿、黏膜或肌肉等口腔组织的健康和完整性产生直接或间接的负面影响。越来越多的证据表明，全身健康状况与口腔健康之间存在密切的相互作用。从牙科角度来看，咀嚼能力及其与营养状况的相互作用似乎尤为重要。例如，全口义齿佩戴者存在明显的口腔功能障碍，这往往会导致他们个人饮食习惯的逐渐恶化。提高最大咬合力和咀嚼效率可能是获得充足营养的重要前提。这些功能参数通常可以通过提供功能性假牙或通过用骨内种植体稳定全口义齿来改善。然而，营养状况的改善只能通过与营养师或临床营养学家密切合作来实现。
