Kniffin Kevin M, Wilson David Sloan
Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, 5240 Social Science Building, 53706, Madison, WI.
State University of New York, Binghamton.
Hum Nat. 2005 Sep;16(3):278-92. doi: 10.1007/s12110-005-1011-6.
Gossip is a subject that has been studied by researchers from an array of disciplines with various foci and methods. We measured the content of language use by members of a competitive sports team across 18 months, integrating qualitative ethnographic methods with quantitative sampling and analysis. We hypothesized that the use of gossip will vary significantly depending on whether it is used for self-serving or group-serving purposes. Our results support a model of gossip derived from multilevel selection theory that expects gossip to serve group-beneficial rules when rewards are partitioned at the group level on a scale that permits mutual monitoring. We integrate our case study with earlier studies of gossip conducted by anthropologists, psychologists, and management researchers.
八卦是一个受到来自一系列学科、有着不同重点和方法的研究人员研究的课题。我们对一支竞技运动队的成员在18个月内的语言使用内容进行了测量，将定性的人种学方法与定量抽样和分析相结合。我们假设，八卦的使用会因它是用于利己目的还是利于群体目的而有显著差异。我们的研究结果支持了一个源自多层次选择理论的八卦模型，该模型预计，当奖励在群体层面按允许相互监督的规模进行分配时，八卦将服务于对群体有益的规则。我们将我们的案例研究与人类学家、心理学家和管理研究人员早期对八卦的研究进行了整合。
