Pereira Lílian Cristina, de Souza Alecsandra Oliveira, Franco Bernardes Mariana Furio, Pazin Murilo, Tasso Maria Júlia, Pereira Paulo Henrique, Dorta Daniel Junqueira
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP 14040901, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Sep;22(18):13800-23. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4896-6. Epub 2015 Jul 24.
Technological, agricultural, and medical advances have improved the lifestyle of humankind. However, these advances have caused new problems that affect the environment and future generations. Emerging contaminants display properties such as low degradation potential and environmental persistence. In addition, most contaminants are lipophilic, which culminates in high bioaccumulation. The disposal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products into the environment underlies microbial and bacterial resistance. Plasticizers change several characteristics of industrialized materials, such as flexibility, but they are potentially carcinogenic and disrupt the endocrine system. Pesticides prevent the propagation of numerous kinds of pests; nevertheless, they exert neurotoxic and mutagenic effects, and they impact the environment negatively. Addition of flame retardants to a number of materials prevents flame propagation; however, after their release into the environment, these chemicals may bioaccumulate in organisms and disrupt the endocrine system, too. Surfactants can change the surface and interfacial properties of liquids, but their presence in the environment can interfere with countless enzymes and can even impair the endocrine system of various organisms and induce the feminization of species. Hence, gaining knowledge about emerging contaminants is increasingly important to minimize future damage and enable proper monitoring of each class of compounds in the environment which will help to improve legislation on this matter.
技术、农业和医学的进步改善了人类的生活方式。然而，这些进步也引发了一些新问题，对环境和后代产生了影响。新兴污染物具有低降解潜力和环境持久性等特性。此外，大多数污染物具有亲脂性，最终导致高生物累积性。药品和个人护理产品向环境中的排放是微生物和细菌耐药性的根源。增塑剂改变了工业化材料的多种特性，如柔韧性，但它们具有潜在致癌性，并会扰乱内分泌系统。农药可防止多种害虫的繁殖；然而，它们会产生神经毒性和致突变作用，并对环境产生负面影响。在许多材料中添加阻燃剂可防止火焰蔓延；然而，这些化学物质释放到环境中后，可能会在生物体内生物累积，也会扰乱内分泌系统。表面活性剂可改变液体的表面和界面性质，但它们在环境中的存在会干扰无数酶，甚至会损害各种生物的内分泌系统，并导致物种雌性化。因此，了解新兴污染物变得越来越重要，以便尽量减少未来的损害，并对环境中的各类化合物进行适当监测，这将有助于完善这方面的立法。
