Birditt Kira S, Nevitt Michael R, Almeida David M
University of Michigan.
Pennsylvania State University.
J Soc Pers Relat. 2015 Aug;32(5):687-706. doi: 10.1177/0265407514542726.
An important pathway by which relationships influence health may involve how people cope with interpersonal tensions. This study examined whether same day and prior day avoidance and engagement in arguments are differentially associated with self-reported well-being (emotional, physical) and diurnal cortisol patterns. Participants from Wave 2 of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE; =1512; ages 33-84, 57% women), completed daily phone interviews for eight consecutive days and provided useable saliva samples that were assayed for cortisol for four of those days at specific times: waking, 30 minutes after waking, before lunch, and bedtime. Multilevel models revealed same day arguments were associated with lower well-being (higher negative affect, lower positive affect) than same day avoidance or no tension. In contrast, previous day avoidance was associated with lower next day well-being (higher negative affect, more physical symptoms) and higher next day cortisol than having no interpersonal tension the previous day. Arguments have greater same day consequences for well-being, whereas avoided arguments have greater next day consequences, which may indicate delayed effects of avoidance.
人际关系影响健康的一个重要途径可能涉及人们应对人际紧张关系的方式。本研究调查了当天和前一天的回避行为以及参与争论是否与自我报告的幸福感（情绪、身体方面）和昼夜皮质醇模式存在差异关联。来自日常经历全国性研究（NSDE）第二轮的参与者（n = 1512；年龄33 - 84岁，57%为女性）连续八天完成每日电话访谈，并提供了可用的唾液样本，在其中四天的特定时间对皮质醇进行检测：醒来时、醒来后30分钟、午餐前和就寝时间。多层次模型显示，与当天回避或无紧张关系相比，当天争论与较低的幸福感（更高的负面情绪、更低的正面情绪）相关。相比之下，前一天的回避行为与次日较低的幸福感（更高的负面情绪、更多的身体症状）以及比前一天没有人际紧张关系时更高的次日皮质醇水平相关。争论对幸福感有更大的当天影响，而回避的争论对次日有更大影响，这可能表明回避行为具有延迟效应。
