Life Course Development Program, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Gerontologist. 2018 Nov 3;58(6):1114-1125. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnx168.
According to the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, older people are better able to avoid negative social interactions than younger people, but when they do experience negative interactions, they are equally or more emotionally and physiologically reactive than younger people. Less is known about the links between daily negative and positive social encounters and the sympathetic adrenal medullary system (a key stress pathway) and whether there are age differences in these links. This study considers whether negative and positive social interactions are associated with diurnal alpha-amylase (a measure of the sympathetic adrenal medullary system) and whether there are differences in these links by age.
Participants were from the Daily Health, Stress, and Relationship Study, which includes a random sample of 89 individuals (aged 40-95) who completed 14 days of daily diary interviews and provided saliva samples four times a day (wake, 30 min after wake, lunch, and bedtime) for four of those days that were assayed for alpha-amylase.
Days in which people reported more negative interactions were associated with flatter morning declines in alpha-amylase, indicating greater stress. Links between positive interactions and diurnal alpha-amylase varied by age group.
Findings are consistent with the SAVI model indicating that older adults respond differently to social stimuli than younger people.
根据强弱整合模型（SAVI），老年人比年轻人更能避免负面的社会互动，但当他们确实经历负面互动时，他们在情绪和生理上的反应与年轻人一样强烈，甚至更强烈。关于日常负面和积极的社会交往与交感肾上腺髓质系统（关键的应激途径）之间的联系，以及这些联系是否存在年龄差异，人们知之甚少。本研究探讨了负面和积极的社会互动是否与日间唾液α-淀粉酶（交感肾上腺髓质系统的一种测量指标）有关，以及这些联系是否因年龄而异。
参与者来自每日健康、压力和关系研究，该研究包括一个随机样本的 89 人（年龄在 40-95 岁之间），他们完成了 14 天的日常日记访谈，并在其中 4 天的 4 个时间点（醒来时、醒来后 30 分钟、午餐时和睡前）提供唾液样本，以分析α-淀粉酶。
报告负面互动较多的日子与α-淀粉酶早晨下降幅度变平有关，表明压力更大。积极互动与日间α-淀粉酶之间的联系因年龄组而异。
这些发现与 SAVI 模型一致，表明老年人对社会刺激的反应与年轻人不同。
