Bonfim Joice Andrade, Vasconcellos Rafael Leandro Figueiredo, Gumiere Thiago, de Lourdes Colombo Mescolotti Denise, Oehl Fritz, Nogueira Cardoso Elke Jurandy Bran
Soil Science Department, Soil Microbiology Lab, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Pádua Dias Ave, no. 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
EMBRAPA (Brazilian Company for Research in Agriculture, Husbandry and Environment), 340, Highway, km 127.5, CEP 13820-000, Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil.
Microb Ecol. 2016 Jan;71(1):164-77. doi: 10.1007/s00248-015-0661-0. Epub 2015 Aug 25.
The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was studied in the Atlantic Forest in Serra do Mar Park (SE Brazil), based on seven host plants in relationship to their soil environment, altitude and seasonality. The studied plots along an elevation gradient are located at 80, 600, and 1,000 m. Soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected in four seasons from SE Brazilian winter 2012 to autumn 2013. AMF spores in rhizosperic soils were morphologically classified and chemical, physical and microbiological soil caracteristics were determined. AMF diversity in roots was evaluated using the NS31/AM1 primer pair, with subsequent cloning and sequencing. In the rhizosphere, 58 AMF species were identified. The genera Acaulospora and Glomus were predominant. However, in the roots, only 14 AMF sequencing groups were found and all had high similarity to Glomeraceae. AMF species identities varied between altitudes and seasons. There were species that contributed the most to this variation. Some soil characteristics (pH, organic matter, microbial activity and microbial biomass carbon) showed a strong relationship with the occurrence of certain species. The highest AMF species diversity, based on Shannon's diversity index, was found for the highest altitude. Seasonality did not affect the diversity. Our results show a high AMF diversity, higher than commonly found in the Atlantic Forest. The AMF detected in roots were not identical to those detected in rhizosperic soil and differences in AMF communities were found in different altitudes even in geographically close-lying sites.
基于七种寄主植物与其土壤环境、海拔和季节性的关系，对巴西东南部滨海山脉公园大西洋森林中的丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）多样性进行了研究。沿海拔梯度设置的研究样地位于80米、600米和1000米处。在2012年巴西东南部冬季至2013年秋季的四个季节中采集了土壤样本（0 - 20厘米）。对根际土壤中的AMF孢子进行形态分类，并测定土壤的化学、物理和微生物特征。使用NS31/AM1引物对评估根系中的AMF多样性，随后进行克隆和测序。在根际，鉴定出58种AMF物种。无梗囊霉属和球囊霉属占主导地位。然而，在根系中，仅发现14个AMF测序组，且所有组与球囊霉科具有高度相似性。AMF物种身份在海拔和季节之间存在差异。有一些物种对这种差异的贡献最大。一些土壤特征（pH值、有机质、微生物活性和微生物生物量碳）与某些物种的出现呈现出强烈的相关性。基于香农多样性指数，在最高海拔处发现了最高的AMF物种多样性。季节性并未影响多样性。我们的结果表明AMF具有很高的多样性，高于大西洋森林中常见的水平。在根系中检测到的AMF与在根际土壤中检测到的不同，即使在地理位置相近的地点，不同海拔的AMF群落也存在差异。
