Latzman Robert D, Hecht Lisa K, Freeman Hani D, Schapiro Steven J, Hopkins William D
Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, USA.
Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, USA.
Neuroimage. 2015 Dec;123:63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.041. Epub 2015 Aug 23.
Converging empirical data suggests that a set of largely consistent personality traits exist in both human and nonhuman primates; despite these similarities, almost nothing is known concerning the neurobiological basis of these traits in nonhuman primates. The current study examined associations between chimpanzee personality traits and the grey matter volume and asymmetry of various frontal cortex regions in 107 captive chimpanzees. Chimpanzees rated as higher on Openness and Extraversion had greater bilateral grey matter volumes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Further, chimpanzee rated as higher on Dominance had larger grey volumes in the left anterior cingulate cortex and right Prefrontal Cortex (PFC). Finally, apes rated higher on Reactivity/Unpredictability had higher grey matter volumes in the right mesial PFC. All associations survived after applying False Discovery Rate (FDR) thresholds. Results are discussed in terms of current neuroscientific models of personality which suggest that the frontal cortex, and asymmetries in this region, play an important role in the neurobiological foundation of broad dispositional traits.
越来越多的实证数据表明，人类和非人类灵长类动物都存在一组基本一致的人格特质；尽管存在这些相似之处，但对于非人类灵长类动物这些特质的神经生物学基础却几乎一无所知。当前的研究调查了107只圈养黑猩猩的人格特质与各个额叶皮质区域的灰质体积及不对称性之间的关联。在开放性和外向性方面得分较高的黑猩猩，其前扣带回皮质的双侧灰质体积更大。此外，在支配性方面得分较高的黑猩猩，其左侧前扣带回皮质和右侧前额叶皮质（PFC）的灰质体积更大。最后，在反应性/不可预测性方面得分较高的猿类，其右侧内侧前额叶皮质的灰质体积更大。在应用错误发现率（FDR）阈值后，所有关联依然存在。研究结果将根据当前的人格神经科学模型进行讨论，该模型表明额叶皮质及其区域的不对称性在广泛性格特质的神经生物学基础中起着重要作用。
