Jones Lisa M, Mitchell Kimberly J, Turner Heather A
Department of Psychology and Crimes Against Children Research Center (CCRC), University of New Hampshire, 10 West Edge Dr., Suite 106, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
Department of Sociology, University of New Hampshire, McConnell Hall, Rm 102C, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2015 Dec;44(12):2308-20. doi: 10.1007/s10964-015-0342-9. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
Bullying prevention is increasingly targeting education to bystanders, but more information is needed on the complexities of bystander actions across a wide variety of incidents, including both online and in-person peer harassment. The current study analyzes victim report data from a nationally representative survey of youth ages 10-20 (n = 791; 51% female). Bystander presence was common across all harassment incident types (80% of incidents). In contrast to previous research, our study found that supportive bystander behaviors occurred at relatively high rates. Unfortunately, antagonistic bystander behaviors, although less common, were predictive of higher negative impact for the victim. A large percentage of victims (76%) also disclosed the harassment to confidants, who play an important role as secondary bystanders. While friends were the most common confidant, incidents were also disclosed to adults at high rates (60%) and with mostly positive results. The findings suggest that prevention programs could increase their impact by targeting education to both direct witnesses and confidants, and considering a wider variety of peer victimization incident types.
预防欺凌越来越多地将教育目标指向旁观者，但对于各种事件（包括网络和现实中的同伴骚扰）中旁观者行为的复杂性，还需要更多信息。当前的研究分析了一项针对10至20岁青少年的全国代表性调查（n = 791；51%为女性）中的受害者报告数据。在所有骚扰事件类型中，旁观者在场的情况很常见（80%的事件）。与先前的研究不同，我们的研究发现支持性旁观者行为的发生率相对较高。不幸的是，敌对性旁观者行为虽然不太常见，但却预示着对受害者有更高的负面影响。很大一部分受害者（76%）也向知己透露了骚扰情况，知己作为二级旁观者发挥着重要作用。虽然朋友是最常见的知己，但向成年人透露事件的比例也很高（60%），而且大多有积极结果。研究结果表明，预防项目可以通过针对直接目击者和知己进行教育，并考虑更广泛的同伴受害事件类型来提高其影响力。
