Moré Margret I, Swidsinski Alexander
analyze & realize GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, Polymicrobial Infections and Bacterial Biofilms, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Charité Hospital, CCM, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2015 Aug 14;8:237-55. doi: 10.2147/CEG.S85574. eCollection 2015.
The probiotic medicinal yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae HANSEN CBS 5926 (Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745) is used for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea. Its action is based on multiple mechanisms, including immunological effects, pathogen-binding and antitoxinic effects, as well as effects on digestive enzymes. Correlated with these effects, but also due to its inherent properties, S. boulardii is able to create a favorable growth environment for the beneficial intestinal microbiota, while constituting extra protection to the host mucus layer and mucosa. This review focuses on the positive influence of S. boulardii on the composition of the intestinal microbiota. In a dysbiosis, as during diarrhea, the main microbial population (especially Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Prevotellaceae) is known to collapse by at least one order of magnitude. This gap generally leads to transient increases in pioneer-type bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Clostridiaceae). Several human studies as well as animal models demonstrate that treatment with S. boulardii in dysbiosis leads to the faster reestablishment of a healthy microbiome. The most relevant effects of S. boulardii on the fecal composition include an increase of short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (along with a rise in short chain fatty acids), especially of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, as well as an increase in Bacteroidaceae and Prevotellaceae. At the same time, there is a suppression of pioneer bacteria. The previously observed preventive action of S. boulardii, eg, during antibiotic therapy or regarding traveler's diarrhea, can be explained by several mechanisms, including a stabilizing effect on the healthy microbiota as well as possibly on the mucus layer. Several different dysbiotic situations could profit from the effects of S. boulardii CNCM I-745. Its additional potential lies in a general stabilization of the gut flora for at-risk populations. More studies are needed to explore the full potential of this versatile probiotic yeast.
益生菌药用酵母酿酒酵母HANSEN CBS 5926（布拉氏酵母菌CNCM I-745）用于预防和治疗腹泻。其作用基于多种机制，包括免疫效应、病原体结合和抗毒素效应，以及对消化酶的影响。与这些效应相关，同时也由于其固有特性，布拉氏酵母菌能够为有益肠道微生物群创造有利的生长环境，同时对宿主黏液层和黏膜提供额外保护。本综述重点关注布拉氏酵母菌对肠道微生物群组成的积极影响。在生态失调时，如腹泻期间，主要微生物种群（尤其是毛螺菌科、瘤胃球菌科、拟杆菌科和普雷沃氏菌科）已知会减少至少一个数量级。这种差距通常会导致先锋型细菌（肠杆菌科、双歧杆菌科和梭菌科）的短暂增加。多项人体研究以及动物模型表明，在生态失调时用布拉氏酵母菌治疗可导致健康微生物群更快重建。布拉氏酵母菌对粪便成分最相关的影响包括产生短链脂肪酸的细菌增加（同时短链脂肪酸增加），尤其是毛螺菌科和瘤胃球菌科，以及拟杆菌科和普雷沃氏菌科增加。同时，先锋细菌受到抑制。先前观察到的布拉氏酵母菌的预防作用，例如在抗生素治疗期间或对于旅行者腹泻，可通过多种机制来解释，包括对健康微生物群以及可能对黏液层的稳定作用。几种不同的生态失调情况可能会受益于布拉氏酵母菌CNCM I-745的作用。其额外的潜力在于对高危人群肠道菌群的总体稳定作用。需要更多研究来探索这种多功能益生菌酵母的全部潜力。
