Moré Margret I, Vandenplas Yvan
analyze & realize GmbH, Department of Consulting and Strategic Innovation, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Pediatrics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Clin Med Insights Gastroenterol. 2018 Feb 9;11:1179552217752679. doi: 10.1177/1179552217752679. eCollection 2018.
Several properties of the probiotic medicinal yeast CNCM I-745 contribute to its efficacy to prevent or treat diarrhoea. Besides immunologic effects, pathogen-binding and anti-toxin effects, as well as positive effects on the microbiota, CNCM I-745 also has pronounced effects on digestive enzymes of the brush border membrane, known as trophic effects. The latter are the focus of this review. Literature has been reviewed after searching Medline and PMC databases. All relevant non-clinical and clinical studies are summarized. CNCM I-745 synthesizes and secretes polyamines, which have a role in cell proliferation and differentiation. The administration of polyamines or CNCM I-745 enhances the expression of intestinal digestive enzymes as well as nutrient uptake transporters. The signalling mechanisms leading to enzyme activation are not fully understood. However, polyamines have direct nucleic acid-binding capacity with regulatory impact. CNCM I-745 induces signalling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In addition, effects on the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway have been reported. As an additional direct effect, CNCM I-745 secretes certain enzymes, which enhance nutrient acquisition for the yeast and the host. The increased availability of digestive enzymes seems to be one of the mechanisms by which CNCM I-745 counteracts diarrhoea; however, also people with certain enzyme deficiencies may profit from its administration. More studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of trophic activation by the probiotic yeast.
益生菌药用酵母CNCM I-745的多种特性有助于其预防或治疗腹泻的功效。除了免疫作用、病原体结合和抗毒素作用，以及对微生物群的积极作用外，CNCM I-745对刷状缘膜的消化酶也有显著影响，即营养作用。后者是本综述的重点。在检索Medline和PMC数据库后对文献进行了综述。总结了所有相关的非临床和临床研究。CNCM I-745合成并分泌多胺，多胺在细胞增殖和分化中起作用。给予多胺或CNCM I-745可增强肠道消化酶以及营养物质摄取转运蛋白的表达。导致酶激活的信号传导机制尚未完全了解。然而，多胺具有直接的核酸结合能力并具有调节作用。CNCM I-745通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶途径诱导信号传导。此外，还报道了其对磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（PI3K）途径的影响。作为另一种直接作用，CNCM I-745分泌某些酶，这些酶可增强酵母和宿主对营养物质的获取。消化酶可用性的增加似乎是CNCM I-745对抗腹泻的机制之一；然而，某些酶缺乏的人也可能从其给药中获益。需要更多的研究来充分了解益生菌酵母营养激活的机制。
