Lehnhardt Fritz-Georg, Falter Christine Michaela, Gawronski Astrid, Pfeiffer Kathleen, Tepest Ralf, Franklin Jeremy, Vogeley Kai
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Science and Epidemiology (IMSIE), University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2016 Jan;46(1):139-154. doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2558-7.
Females with high-functioning ASD are known to camouflage their autistic symptoms better than their male counterparts, making them prone to being under-ascertained and delayed in diagnostic assessment. Thus far the underlying cognitive processes that enable such successful socio-communicative adaptation are not well understood. The current results show sex-related differences in the cognitive profile of ASD individuals, which were diagnosed late in life exclusively. Higher verbal abilities were found in males (n = 69) as opposed to higher processing speed and better executive functions in females with ASD (n = 38). Since both sexes remained unidentified during childhood and adolescence, these results are suggestive for sex-distinctive cognitive strategies as an alternative to typically-developed reciprocal social behavior and social mimicry in high functioning ASD.
已知高功能自闭症女性比男性更善于伪装自身的自闭症症状，这使得她们在诊断评估中容易被漏诊且诊断延迟。到目前为止，对于促成这种成功的社会交际适应的潜在认知过程还没有很好的理解。目前的研究结果显示，自闭症患者的认知特征存在性别差异，这些患者均在成年后才被诊断出来。研究发现，男性（n = 69）的语言能力更强，而自闭症女性（n = 38）的处理速度更快，执行功能更好。由于这两组患者在童年和青少年时期都未被确诊，这些结果表明，在高功能自闭症中，性别独特的认知策略可替代典型发展的互惠社交行为和社交模仿。
